Abstract
An extensive body of knowledge is available on the relationship between energy consumption and CO2 emission incorporated by different variables. However, the role of energy production in the pollution equation is largely unknown. The present work quantifies the relationship between energy production, economic growth and CO2 emission. A family of econometric tools is used to achieve the objective of the study. Due to the sensitivity of objective of the present work, we use structural break unit root test to measure the stability of parameters within the time span of 1970–2011. Johansen cointegration test confirms the existence of cointegration among variables. Autoregressive distributive lag model reveals that energy production from the fossil fuel is the main culprit behind growing CO2 emission. Additionally, the finding of the study claims the existence of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the significance of energy production in Pakistan. Moreover, bidirectional causality is detected between energy production and carbon dioxide emission in the long-run path. It is suggested that pollution can be condensed by producing energy from the renewable source (hydropower, solar power, geothermal and wind energy) and add more renewable energy to the energy mix.
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Notes
Here it is important to note that all the variables are integrated with intercept at first difference except LOG URB, which is integrated with none at first difference.
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Acknowledgements
This study is supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Reference No. 71625003), National Key Research and Development Program of China (Reference No. 2016YFA0602504), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Reference Nos. 71403021, 71573016, 71521002), Humanities and Social science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (Reference No. 17YJC630145).
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Danish, Zhang, B., Wang, Z. et al. Energy production, economic growth and CO2 emission: evidence from Pakistan. Nat Hazards 90, 27–50 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-3031-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-3031-z