Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of nonlinear seismic performance of a restored historical arch bridge using ambient vibrations

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Nonlinear Dynamics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Historic masonry arch bridges are vital components of transportation systems in many countries worldwide, ensuring the ready access of goods and services to millions of people. The structural failure of these historic structures would severely and adversely impact the economies of these nations due to the massive disruptions of transportation systems accompanying such failures. To successfully maintain these aging masonry structures, performance assessment must incorporate the unique mechanical characteristics of masonry. Therefore, the preferred analysis technique must go beyond a linear approach. This study assesses the earthquake performance of a restored historical masonry arch bridge through nonlinear finite element analysis incorporating the Drucker–Prager damage criterion. The case study structure is the Mikron Arch Bridge, a nineteenth century Ottoman Era structure built over the Firtina River near Rize, Turkey, and restored in 1998. The Mikron Arch Bridge was first subjected to ambient vibration testing, during which accelerometers were placed at several points on the bridge span to record the bridge vibratory response. The investigators then used Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification techniques to extract the experimental natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios from these measurements. Experimental results were compared with those obtained by the linear finite element analysis of the bridge. Good agreement between mode shapes was observed during this comparison, though natural frequencies disagree by 8–10%. The boundary conditions of the linear finite element model of Mikron Arch Bridge are adjusted such that the analytical predictions agree with the ambient vibration test results. By introducing the Drucker–Prager damage criterion, the calibrated linear FE model was next extended into a nonlinear model. Nonlinear analysis of seismic behavior of Mikron arch bridge was performed considering the acceleration record of Erzincan earthquake in 1992 that occurred near the Mikron Bridge region. The displacement and stress results were observed to be allowable level of the stone material. Moreover, linear FE model calibrations elicited a significant influence on the nonlinear FE model simulations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akköse, M.: Materially linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses of arch dam-water-foundation systems by Lagrangian approach. PhD Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey (2004)

  2. ANSYS: Swanson Analysis System, USA (2008)

  3. Bathe, K.J.: Finite Element Procedures in Engineering Analysis. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bayraktar, A., Altunışık, A.C., Türker, T., Sevim, B.: The model updating of historical masonry bridges using operational modal analysis method. In: Proceedings of the 1st National Conference Reinforcement and Transfer into the Future of Historical Structures, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 429–440 (2007)

  5. Bayraktar, A., Birinci, F., Altunışık, A.C., Türker, T., Sevim, B.: Finite element model updating of Senyuva historical arch bridge using ambient vibration tests. Balt. J. Road Bridge Eng. 4(4), 177–185 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bayraktar, A., Altunışık, A.C., Birinci, F., Sevim, B., Türker, T.: Finite element analysis and vibration testing of a two-span masonry arch bridge. J. Perform. Constr. Facil. ASCE (2010). doi:10.1177/1077546309353288

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bayraktar, A., Sevim, B., Altunışık, A.C., Türker, T.: Earthquake analysis of reinforced concrete minarets using ambient vibration test results. Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build. 19(3), 257–273 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bayraktar, A., Altunışık, A.C., Sevim, B., Türker, T.: Finite element model updating of Kömürhan Highway Bridge based on experimental measurements. J. Smart Struct. Syst. 6(4), 373–388 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Beconcini, M.L., Buratti, G., Mengozzi, M., Orsini, P.: Dynamic characterization of a five spans historical masonry arch bridge. In: 5th International Conference on Arch Bridges, 12–14 September, Madeira, Portugal, pp. 399–407 (2007)

  10. Bendat, J., Piersol, A.: Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York (1986)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Bendat, J.S., Piersol, A.G.: Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures. Wiley, New York (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Boothby, T.E., Fanning, P.J.: Load-rating of masonry arch bridges—Refinements. J. Bridge Eng. 9(3), 304–307 (2004) (Technical Note)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Brencich, A., Sabia, D.: Experimental identification of a multi-span masonry bridge: the Tanaro Bridge. Constr. Build. Mater. 22(10), 2087–2099 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Brincker, R., Zhang, L., Andersen, P.: Modal identification from ambient responses using frequency domain decomposition. In: 18th International Modal Analysis Conference, San Antonio, TX, vol. 4062(2), pp. 625–630 (2000)

  15. Caetano, E.: Dynamic of cable-stayed bridges: Experimental assessment of cable-structure interaction. PhD Thesis, Engineering Faculty of University of Porto, Portugal (2000)

  16. Catalan, R.O., Aldea, L.E.: New tendencies on repair and strengthening on masonry arch bridges. In: 5th International Conference on Arch Bridges, 12–14 September, Madeira, Portugal, pp. 719–724 (2007)

  17. Chen, W.F., Mizuno, E.: Nonlinear Analysis in Soil Mechanics. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Diamanti, N., Giannopoulos, A., Forde, M.C.: Numerical modelling and experimental verification of GPR to investigate ring separation in brick masonry arch bridges. NDT E Int. 41(5), 354–363 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Drucker, D.C., Prager, W.: Soil mechanics and plastic analysis on limit design. Q. J. Appl. Math. 10, 157–165 (1952)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Ewins, D.J.: Modal Testing: Theory and Practice. Research Studies Press Ltd., England (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fanning, P.J., Boothby, T.E.: Three-dimensional modelling and full-scale testing of stone arch bridges. Comput. Struct. 79(29), 2645–2662 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Fanning, P.J., Szobak, L., Boothby, T.E., Salamoni, V.: Load testing and model simulations for a stone arch bridge. Bridge Struct. 1(4), 367–378 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Frunzio, G., Monaco, M., Gesualdo, A.: 3D FEM analysis of a roman arch bridge. Hist. Constr. 591–598 (2001)

  24. Gentile, C., Gallino, N.: Ambient vibration-based investigation of the Victory Arch Bridge. In: 5th International Conference on Arch Bridges, 12–14 September, Madeira, Portugal, pp. 63–70 (2007)

  25. Jacobsen, N.J., Andersen, P., Brincker, R.: Using enhanced frequency domain decomposition as a robust technique to harmonic excitation in operational modal analysis. In: Proceedings of ISMA2006: International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, Leuven, Belgium (2006)

  26. Mamaghani, I.H.P.: Analysis of masonry bridges: discrete finite element method. Transp. Res. Rec. 76, 13–19 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. OMA: Release 4.0. Structural Vibration Solution A/S, Denmark (2006)

  28. Peeters, B.: System identification and damage detection in civil engineering. PhD Thesis, K.U, Leuven, Belgium (2000)

  29. Peeters, B., De Roeck, G.: Reference based stochastic subspace identification in civil engineering. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Identification in Engineering Systems, Swansea, UK, pp. 639–648 (1999)

  30. Pela, L., Aprile, A., Benedetti, A.: Seismic assessment of masonry arch bridges. Eng. Struct. 3, 1777–1788 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. PULSE: Analyzers and Solutions, Release 11.2. Bruel and Kjaer, Sound and Vibration Measurement A/S, Denmark (2006)

  32. Ramos, J.L.F.S.: Damage identification on masonry structures based on vibration signatures. PhD Thesis. University of Minho, Portugal (2007)

  33. Rao, K.V.M., Redyy, B.V.V., Jagadish, K.S.: Strength characteristic of stone masonry. Mater. Struct. 30, 233–237 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ren, W.X., Zhao, T., Harik, I.E.: Experimental and analytical modal analysis of steel arch bridge. J. Struct. Eng. ASCE 130(7), 1022–1031 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sevim, B., Bayraktar, A., Altunışık, A.C.: Finite element model calibration of Berke Arch Dam using operational modal testing. J. Vib. Control (2010). doi:10.1177/1077546310377912

    Google Scholar 

  36. Toker, S., Ünay, A.I.: Mathematical modelling and finite element analysis of masonry arch bridges. J. Sci. Gazi Univ. 17(2), 129–139 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Ural, A.: Finite element analysis of historical arch bridge. In: International Earthquake Symposium Kocaeli, 23–25 March, Kocaeli, Turkey, pp. 408–413 (2005)

  38. Url-1: PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center), http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/data (2009)

  39. Van Overschee, P., De Moor, B.: Subspace Identification for Linear Systems: Theory-Implementation-Applications. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1996)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Barış Sevim, Alemdar Bayraktar, Ahmet Can Altunişik & Fatma Birinci

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Gümüşhane University, 29100, Gümüşhane, Turkey

    Barış Sevim

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    Sezer Atamtürktür

Authors
  1. Barış Sevim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alemdar Bayraktar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ahmet Can Altunişik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sezer Atamtürktür
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fatma Birinci
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Barış Sevim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sevim, B., Bayraktar, A., Altunişik, A.C. et al. Assessment of nonlinear seismic performance of a restored historical arch bridge using ambient vibrations. Nonlinear Dyn 63, 755–770 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-010-9835-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-010-9835-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation