Abstract
In the current decade, the meshless methods have been developed for solving partial differential equations. The meshless methods may be classified in two basic parts:
-
1.
The meshless methods based on the strong form
-
2.
The meshless methods based on the weak form
The element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is a meshless method based on the global weak form. The test and trial functions in element-free Galerkin are shape functions of moving least squares (MLS) approximation. Also, the traditional MLS shape functions have not the δ-Kronecker property. Recently, a new class of MLS shape functions has been presented. These are well-known as the interpolating MLS (IMLS) shape functions. The IMLS shape functions have the δ-Kronecker property; thus the essential boundary conditions can be applied directly. The main aim of this paper is to combine the alternating direction implicit approach with the IEFG method. To this end, we apply the mentioned technique on the distributed order time-fractional diffusion-wave equation. For comparing the numerical results, we propose three schemes based on the trapezoidal, Simpson, and Gauss-Legendre quadrature techniques. Also, we investigate the uniqueness, existence and stability analysis of the new schemes and we obtain an error estimate for the full-discrete schemes. The time-fractional derivative has been described in Caputo’s sense. Numerical examples demonstrate the theoretical results and the efficiency of the proposed schemes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atanackovic, T. M., Pilipovic, S., Zorica, D.: Time distributed-order diffusion-wave equation. II. Applications of Laplace and Fourier transformations. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Science 465, 1893–1917 (2009)
Atanackovic, T. M., Pilipovic, S., Zorica, D.: Existence and calculation of the solution to the time distributed order diffusion equation. Phys. Scr. 2009, 014012 (2009)
Atkinson, K. E.: An Introduction to Numerical Analysis. Wiley, New York (1989)
Bagley, R., Torvik, P.: A theoretical basis for the application of fractional calculus to viscoelasticity. J. Rheol. 27, 201–210 (1983)
Belytschko, T., Lu, Y. Y., Gu, L.: Element free Galerkin methods. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 37, 229–256 (1994)
Belytschko, T., Krongauz, Y., Organ, D., Fleming, M., Krysl, P.: Meshless methods: an overview and recent developments. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 139, 3–47 (1996)
Browder, F. E.: Existence and uniqueness theorems for solutions of nonlinear boundary value problems. In: Finn, R. (ed.) Applications of Nonlinear P.D. Es, Proceedings of Symposium of Applied Mathematics, vol. 17, pp 24–49 (1965)
Chechkin, A. V., Gorenflo, R., Sokolov, I. M., Gonchar, V. Y.: Distributed order time fractional diffusion equation. Fract. Calc. Appl. Anal. 6, 259–280 (2003)
Chechkin, A. V., Gorenflo, R., Sokolov, I. M.: Retarding subdiffusion and accelerating superdiffusion governed by distributed-order fractional diffusion equations. Phys. Rev. E. 66, 046129 (2002)
Chen, W., Liang, Y., Hu, S., Sun, H.: Fractional derivative anomalous diffusion equation modeling prime number distribution. Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis 18, 789–798 (2015)
Cheng, R., Cheng, Y.: Error estimates for the finite point method. Appl. Numer. Math. 58, 884–898 (2008)
Cheng, Y., Bai, F. N., Peng, M. J.: A novel interpolating element free Galerkin (IEFG) method for two-dimensional elastoplasticity. Appl. Math. Model. 38, 5187–5197 (2014)
Cheng, Y., Peng, M.: Boundary element free method for elastodynamics. Science in China G 48, 641–657 (2005)
Chung, H. J., Belytschko, T.: An error estimate in the EFG method. Comput. Mech. 21, 91–100 (1998)
Cui, M.: Compact alternating direction implicit method for two-dimensional time fractional diffusion equation. J. Comput. Phy. 231, 2621–2633 (2012)
Cui, M.: Convergence analysis of high-order compact alternating direction implicit schemes for the two-dimensional time fractional diffusion equation. Numer. Algor. 62, 383–409 (2013)
Diethelm, K., Ford, N. J.: Analysis of fractional differential equations. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 265, 229–248 (2002)
Diethelm, K., Ford, N. J.: Numerical analysis for distributed-order differential equations. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 225, 96–104 (2009)
Dehghan, M., Mohebbi, A.: High-order compact boundary value method for the solution of unsteady convection-diffusion problems. Math. Comput. Simul. 79, 683–699 (2008)
Dehghan, M., Safarpoor, M., Abbaszadeh, M.: Two high-order numerical algorithms for solving the multi-term time fractional diffusion-wave equations. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 290, 174–195 (2015)
Dehghan, M., Abbaszadeh, M., Mohebbi, A.: Error estimate for the numerical solution of fractional reaction-subdiffusion process based on a meshless method. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 280, 14–36 (2015)
Dehghan, M., Salehi, R.: A meshless local Petrov–Galerkin method for the time-dependent Maxwell equations. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 268, 93–110 (2014)
Dehghan, M., Salehi, R.: The numerical solution of the non-linear integro-differential equations based on the meshless method. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 236, 2367–2377 (2012)
Dehghan, M., Manafian, J., Saadatmandi, A.: Solving nonlinear fractional partial differential equations using the homotopy analysis method. Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 26, 448–479 (2010)
Dehghan, M.: A new ADI technique for two-dimensional parabolic equation with an integral condition. Comput. Math. Appl. 43, 1477–1488 (2002)
Fu, Z. J., Chen, W., Yang, H. T.: Boundary particle method for Laplace transformed time fractional diffusion equations. J. Comput. Phys. 235, 52–66 (2013)
Gao, G. H., Sun, Z. Z.: Two alternating direction implicit difference schemes with the extrapolation method for the two-dimensional distributed-order differential equations. Comput. Math. Appl. 69, 926–948 (2015)
Katsikadelis, J. T.: Numerical solution of distributed order fractional differential equations. J. Comput. Phys. 259, 11–22 (2014)
Krongauz, Y., Belytschko, T.: EFG approximation with discontinuous derivatives. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng. 41, 1215–1233 (1998)
Hu, X., Liu, F., Turner, I., Anh, V.: An implicit numerical method of a new time distributed-order and two-sided space-fractional advection-dispersion equation. Numerical Algorithm 72, 393–407 (2016)
Lancaster, P., Salkauskas, K.: Surfaces generated by moving least squares methods. Math. Comput. 37, 141–158 (1981)
Lee, C. K., Zhou, C. E.: On error estimation and adaptive refinement for element free Galerkin method part I: stress recovery and a posteriori error estimation. Comput. Struct. 82, 413–428 (2004)
Lee, C. K., Zhou, C. E.: On error estimation and adaptive refinement for element free Galerkin method part II: adaptive refinement. Comput. Struct. 82, 429–443 (2004)
Li, L., Xu, D., Luo, M.: Alternating direction implicit Galerkin finite element method for the two-dimensional fractional diffusion-wave equation. J. Comput. Phys. 255, 471–485 (2013)
Li, C. P., Zhao, Z. G., Chen, Y. Q.: Numerical approximation of nonlinear fractional differential equations with subdiffusion and superdiffusion. Comput. Math. Appl. 62, 855–875 (2011)
Li, C. P., Chen, A., Ye, J.: Numerical approaches to fractional calculus and fractional ordinary differential equation. J. Comput. Phys. 230, 3352–3368 (2011)
Li, C. P., Deng, W.: Remarks on fractional derivatives. Appl. Math. Comput. 187, 777–784 (2007)
Li, C. P., Dao, X., Guo, P.: Fractional derivatives in complex planes. Nonlinear Anal. Theory Methods Appl. 71, 1857–1869 (2009)
Li, C. P., Yan, J. P.: The synchronization of three fractional differential systems. Chaos, Solitons Fractals 32, 751–757 (2007)
Liao, H. L., Zhang, Y. N., Zhao, Y., Shi, H. S.: Stability and convergence of modified Du Fort-Frankel schemes for solving time-fractional subdiffusion equations. J. Sci. Comput. 61, 629–648 (2014)
Liu, F., Yang, C., Burrage, K.: Numerical method and analytical technique of the modified anomalous subdiffusion equation with a nonlinear source term. J. Comput. Appl Math. 231, 160–176 (2009)
Liu, F., Zhuang, P., Turner, I., Burrage, K., Anh, V.: A new fractional finite volume method for solving the fractional diffusion equation. Appl. Math. Model. 38, 3871–3878 (2014)
Liu, F., Zhuang, P., Turner, I., Anh, V., Burrage, K.: A semi-alternating direction method for a 2-D fractional FitzHugh-Nagumo monodomain model on an approximate irregular domain. J. Comput. Phys. 293, 252–263 (2015)
Liu, Q., Liu, F., Gu, Y., Zhuang, P., Chen, J., Turner, I.: A meshless method based on point interpolation method (PIM) for the space fractional diffusion equation. Appl. Math. Comp. 256, 930–938 (2015)
Liu, Q., Liu, F., Turner, I., Anh, V., Gu, Y.: A RBF meshless approach for modeling a fractal mobile/immobile transport model. Appl. Math. Comp. 226, 336–347 (2014)
Luchko, Y.: Boundary value problems for the generalized time-fractional diffusion equation of distributed order. Fract. Calc. Appl. Anal. 12, 409–422 (2009)
Mainardi, F., Pagnini, G., Gorenflo, R.: Some aspects of fractional diffusion equations of single and distributed order. Appl. Math. Comput. 187, 295–305 (2007)
Mainardi, F., Mura, A., Pagnini, G., Gorenflo, R.: Time-fractional diffusion of distributed order. J. Vib. Control 14, 1267–1290 (2008)
Meerschaert, M. M., Nane, E., Vellaisamy, P.: Distributed-order fractional diffusions on bounded domains. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 379, 216–228 (2011)
Metzler, R., Klafter, J.: The restaurant at the end of the random walk: recent developments in the description of anomalous transport by fractional dynamics. J. Phys. A 37, R161–208 (2004)
Oldham, K. B., Spanier, J.: The Fractional Calculus: Theory and Application of Differentiation and Integration to Arbitrary Order. Academic Press (1974)
Peng, M. J., Li, R. X., Cheng, Y. M.: Analyzing three-dimensional viscoelasticity problems via the improved element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method. Eng. Anal. Bound. Elemen. 40, 104–113 (2014)
Podulbny, I.: Fractional Differential Equations. Academic Press, New York (1999)
Podlubny, I., Skovranek, T., Jara, B. M. V., Petras, I., Verbitsky, V., Chen, Y.: Matrix approach to discrete fractional calculus III: nonequidistant grids, variable step length and distributed orders. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 371 (2013)
Quarteroni, A., Valli, A.: Numerical Approximation of Partial Differential Equations. Springer, New York (1997)
Ren, H., Cheng, Y.: The interpolating element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method for two-dimensional potential problems. Eng. Anal. Boundary Elem. 36, 873–880 (2012)
Sandev, T., Chechkin, A. V., Korabel, N., Kantz, H., Sokolov, I. M., Metzler, R.: Distributed-order diffusion equations and multifractality: models and solutions. Phys. Rev. E 92, 042117 (2015)
Sun, Z. Z., Wu, X. N.: A fully discrete difference scheme for a diffusion-wave system. Appl. Numer. Math. 56, 193–209 (2006)
Sun, H., Chen, W., Li, C. P., Chen, Y.: Finite difference schemes for variable-order time fractional diffusion equation. Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos 22(4), 1250085 (2012)
Wei, S., Chen, W., Hon, Y. C.: Implicit local radial basis function method for solving two-dimensional time fractional diffusion equations. Therm. Sci. 19(1), S59–S67 (2015)
Wess, W.: The fractional diffusion equation. J. Math. Phys. 27, 2782–2785 (1996)
Ye, H., Liu, F., Anh, V.: Compact difference scheme for distributed-order time-fractional diffusion-wave equation on bounded domains. J. Comput. Phys. 298, 652–660 (2015)
Ye, H., Liu, F., Anh, V., Turner, I.: Numerical analysis for the time distributed order and Riesz space fractional diffusions on bounded domains. IMA J. Appl. Math. 80(3), 531–540 (2015)
Yuste, S. B.: Fast, accurate and robust adaptive finite difference methods for fractional diffusion equations. Numerical Algorithms 71, 207–228 (2016)
Yuste, S. B., Quintana-Murillo, J.: A finite difference method with non-uniform timesteps for fractional diffusion equations. Comput. Phys. Commun. 183, 2594–2600 (2012)
Yuste, S. B.: Weighted average finite difference methods for fractional diffusion, equations. J. Comput. Phy. 216, 264–274 (2006)
Zeng, F., Li, C. P., Liu, F., Turner, I.: Numerical algorithms for time-fractional subdiffusion equation with second-order accuracy. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 37, A55–A78 (2015)
Zeng, F.: Second-order stable finite difference schemes for the time-fractional diffusion-wave equation. J. Sci. Comput. 65, 1–20 (2014)
Zeng, F., Li, C. P., Liu, F., Turner, I.: The use of finite difference/element approaches for solving the time-fractional subdiffusion equation. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 35, A2976–A3000 (2013)
Zeng, F., Liu, F., Li, C., Burrage, K., Turner, I., Anh, V.: Crank-Nicolson ADI spectral method for the two-dimensional Riesz space fractional nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 52-6, 2599–2622 (2014)
Zhang, L. W., Deng, Y. J., Liew, K. M., Cheng, Y. M.: The improved complex variable element free Galerkin method for two-dimensional Schrödinger equation. Comput. Math. Appl. 68, 1093–1106 (2014)
Zhang, L. W., Li, D. M., Liew, K. M.: An element-free computational framework for elastodynamic problems based on the IMLS-Ritz method. Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 54, 39–46 (2015)
Zhang, L. W., Lei, Z. X., Liew, K. M.: Buckling analysis of FG-CNT reinforced composite thick skew plates using an element-free approach. Composites Part B: Engineering 75, 36–46 (2015)
Zhang, L. W., Lei, Z. X., Liew, K. M.: Free vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite triangular plates using the FSDT and element-free IMLS-Ritz method. Compos. Struct. 120, 189–199 (2015)
Zhang, L. W., Deng, Y. J., Liew, K. M.: An improved element-free Galerkin method for numerical modeling of the biological population problems. Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 40, 181–188 (2014)
Zhang, Z., Hao, S. Y., Liew, K. M., Cheng, Y. M.: The improved element-free Galerkin method for two-dimensional elastodynamics problems. Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 37, 1576–1584 (2013)
Zhang, Y. N., Sun, Z. Z., Wu, H. W.: Error estimate of Crank-Nicolson-tape difference schemes for the subdiffusion equation. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 49, 2302–2322 (2011)
Zhang, Y. N., Sun, Z. Z., Zhao, X.: Compact alternating direction implicit scheme for the two-dimensional fractional diffusion-wave equation. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 50, 1535–1555 (2012)
Zhang, Z., Liew, K. M., Cheng, Y.: Coupling of the improved element-free Galerkin and boundary element methods for two-dimensional elasticity problems. Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 32, 100–107 (2008)
Zhao, X., Sun, Z. Z.: Compact Crank-Nicolson schemes for a class of fractional Cattaneo equation in inhomogeneous medium. J. Sci. Comput. 62, 1–25 (2014)
Zhao, X., Xu, Q.: Efficient numerical schemes for fractional sub-diffusion equation with the spatially variable coefficient. Appl. Math. Model. 38, 3848–3859 (2014)
Zhuang, P., Liu, F., Turner, I., Gu, Y. T.: Finite volume and finite element methods for solving a one-dimensional space-fractional Boussinesq equation. Appl. Math Model. 38, 3860–3870 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abbaszadeh, M., Dehghan, M. An improved meshless method for solving two-dimensional distributed order time-fractional diffusion-wave equation with error estimate. Numer Algor 75, 173–211 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11075-016-0201-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11075-016-0201-0
Keywords
- Time-fractional equation
- Diffusion-wave equation
- Distributed order
- Interpolating element-free Galerkin (EFG) method
- Alternative direction implicit (ADI) approach
- Unconditional stability
- Error estimate