Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Closed-loop modeling of silicon nanophotonics from design to fabrication and back again

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We present a method for component-centric modeling of silicon nanophotonics, where a closed optimization loop allows to take the effects of the fabrication process into account during the design of nanophotonic components. This enables black-box component descriptions with functional parameters. Underlying mask layouts of the components can then automatically be optimized for their actual performance, and not just for their geometric layout. To simulate the effect of fabrication, we developed a projection lithography simulator which was included inside the optimization loop. This method was applied to the design of a 1-dimensional distributed Bragg mirror.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bienstman P., Baets R.: Optical modelling of photonic crystals and vcsels using eigenmode expansion and perfectly matched layers. Opt. Quantum Electron. 33(4/5), 327 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bienstman P., Vanholme L., Bogaerts W., Dumon P., Vandersteegen P.: Python in nanophotonics research. Comp. Science Eng. 9(3), 2801–2803 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogaerts W., Wiaux V., Taillaert D., Beckx S., Luyssaert B., Bienstman P., Baets R.: Fabrication of photonic crystals in Silicon-on-insulator using 248-nm deep UV lithography. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(4), 928–934 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bogaerts W., Baets R., Dumon P., Wiaux V., Beckx S., Taillaert D., Luyssaert B., Campenhout J., Bienstman P., Thourhout D.: Nanophotonic waveguides in Silicon-on-insulator fabricated with CMOS technology. J. Lightwave Technol. 23(1), 401–412 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bogaerts W., Dumon P., Van Thourhout D., Taillaert D., Jaenen P., Wouters J., Beckx S., Wiaux V., Baets R.: Compact wavelength-selective functions in silicon-on-insulator photonic wires. J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12(6), 1394–1401 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dumon P., Priem G., Nunes L., Bogaerts W., Van Thourhout D., Bienstman P., Liang T., Tsuchiya M., Jaenen P., Beckx S., Wouters J., Baets R.: Linear and nonlinear nanophotonic devices based on silicon-on-insulator wire waveguides. Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 45(8B), 6589–6602 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fühner, T., Schnattinger, T., Ardelean, G., Erdmann, A.: Dr.litho: a development and research lithography simulator. SPIE Microlithogr. 6520, p. 65203F (2007)

  • Gnan, M., Chong, H., Kim, C., Bryce, A., Sorel, M., De La Rue, R.: Coupled microcavity in photonic wire bragg grating. Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2004 (CLEO) Conference on 1:2 pp, San Fransico, CA (2004)

  • Gnan M., Bellanca G., Chong H., Bassi P., Rue R.: Modelling of photonic wire Bragg gratings. Opt. Quantum Electron. 38(1–3), 133–148 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kintner E.: Method for the calculation of partially coherent imagery. Appl. Opt. 17(17), 2747–2753 (1978)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Leijtens X., LeLourec P., Smit M.: S-matrix oriented CAD-tool for simulating complex integrated optical circuits. J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 2(2), 257–262 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson H.J.: Principles of Lithography. SPIE, Bellingham, Washington, USA (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mack C.: Prolith—a comprehensive optical lithography Model. Proc. SPIE 538, 207–220 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mack C. : Field Guide to Optical Lithography. SPIE Press, Bellingham, Washington, USA (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes R., Kennedy J., Neves J.: The fully informed particle swarm: Simpler, maybe better. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comp. 8(3), 204–210 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selvaraja, S., Bogaerts, W., Van Thourhout, D., Baets, R.: Fabrication of uniform photonic devices using 193 nm optical lithography in silicon-on-insulator. Proc. ECIO, p. FrB3 (2008)

  • Vlasov Y.A., McNab S.: Losses in single-mode silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides and bends. Opt. Express 12(8), 1622–1631 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wim Bogaerts.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bogaerts, W., Bradt, P., Vanholme, L. et al. Closed-loop modeling of silicon nanophotonics from design to fabrication and back again. Opt Quant Electron 40, 801–811 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-008-9265-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-008-9265-y

Keywords

Navigation