Abstract
Three different silica based normal dispersion fibers are designed to identify the best possible one for efficient parabolic pulse generation. Two of them resemble commonly used single core fibers and optimized in such a way that one has lower dispersion and nonlinear coefficient whereas the other possesses higher dispersion and lower nonlinearity. A silica based multi-cladded highly nonlinear fiber (ND-HNLF) is designed as well by successfully restricting its effective area to a very lower value. The comparative analysis among the three fibers suggests that the ND-HNLF would be the best choice for fiber optic manufacturers for parabolic similariton formation due to its smaller optimum length, no effect of higher order dispersion, high nonlinearity and less input power requirement. From our proposed ND-HNLF, a highly nonlinear dispersion decreasing fiber (HN-NDDF) is also designed and optimized by properly varying different fiber parameters as a function of fiber length. Our study also reveals that the HN-NDDF with a typical property of virtual gain would be beneficial for producing parabolic self-similar pulses at smaller optimum lengths with adequate spectral broadening in comparison to that of ND-HNLF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agrawal, G.P., Baldeck, P.L., Alfano, R.R.: Optical wavebreaking and pulse compression due to cross-phase modulation in optical fibers. Opt. Lett. 14, 137–139 (1989)
Agrawal, G.P.: Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics. Academic Press, New York (2001)
Agrawal, G.P.: Nonlinear Fiber Optics. Academic Press, New York (2007)
Anderson, D., Desaix, M., Lisak, M., Quiroga-Teixeiro, M.L.: Wave breaking in nonlinear-optical fibers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9, 1358–1361 (1992)
Anderson, D., Desaix, M., Karlsson, M., Lisak, M., Quiroga-Teixeiro, M.L.: Wave-breaking free pulses in nonlinear-optical fibers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10, 1185–1190 (1993)
Bale, B.G., Boscolo, S.: Impact of third-order fiber dispersion on the evolution of parabolic optical pulses. J. Opt. 12, 015202(1–6) (2010)
Boscolo, S., Latkin, A.I., Turitsyn, S.K.: Passive nonlinear pulse shaping in normally dispersive fiber systems. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 44, 1196–1203 (2008)
Boyd, R.W.: Nonlinear Optics. Academic Press, San Diego (2008)
Chang, G., Galvanauskas, A., Winful, H.G., Norris, T.B.: Dependence of parabolic pulse amplification on stimulated Raman scattering and gain bandwidth. Opt. Lett. 29, 2647–2649 (2004)
Chung, K.-W., Kim, S., Yin, S.: Design of a highly nonlinear dispersion-shifted fiber with a small effective area by use of the beam propagation method with the Gaussian approximation method. Opt. Lett. 28, 2031–2033 (2003)
Dianov, E.M., Prokhorov, A.M.: Medium-power CW Raman fiber lasers. IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quant. Electron. 6, 1022–1028 (2000)
Domachuk, P., Wolchover, N.A., Cronin-Golomb, M., Wang, A., George, A.K., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Knight, J.C., Omenetto, F.G.: Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments of highly nonlinear Tellurite PCFs. Opt. Express 16, 7161–7168 (2008)
Dudley, J.M., Finot, C., Richardson, D.J.: Self-similarity in ultrafast nonlinear optics. Nat. Phys. 3, 597–603 (2007)
Fermann, M.E., Kruglov, V.I., Thomsen, B.C., Dudley, J.M., Harvey, J.D.: Self-similar propagation and amplification of parabolic pulses in optical fibers. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 6010–6013 (2000)
Finot, C., Millot, G., Billet, C., Dudley, J.M.: Experimental generation of parabolic pulses via Raman simplification in optical fiber. Opt. Express 11, 1547–1552 (2003)
Finot, C., Provost, L., Petropoulos, P., Richardson, D.J.: Parabolic pulse generation through passive nonlinear pulse reshaping in a normally dispersive two segment fiber device. Opt. Express 15, 852–864 (2007a)
Finot, C., Barviau, B., Millot, G., Guryanov, A., Sysoliatin, A., Wabnitz, S.: Parabolic pulse generation with active or passive dispersion decreasing optical fibers. Opt. Express 15, 15824–15835 (2007b)
Finot, C., Kibler, B., Provost, L., Wabnitz, S.: Beneficial impact of wave-breaking for coherent continuum formation in normally dispersive nonlinear fibers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25, 1938–1948 (2008)
Finot, C., Dudley, J.M., Kibler, B., Richardson, D.J., Millot, G.: Optical parabolic pulse generation and applications. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 45, 1482–1488 (2009)
Ghatak, A., Thyagarajan, K.: Introduction to Fiber Optics. Cambridge University Press, UK (1999)
Ghosh, D., Basu, M.: Propagation of short soliton pulses through a parabolic index fiber with dispersion decreasing along length. Opt. Commun. 281, 3361–3368 (2008)
Ghosh, D., Basu, M., Sarkar, S.: Generation of self-similar parabolic pulses by designing normal dispersion decreasing fiber amplifier as well as its staircase substitutes. J. Lightwave Technol. 27, 3880–3887 (2009)
Hirano, M., Nakanishi, T., Okuno, T., Onishi, M.: Silica-based highly nonlinear fibers and their application. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 15, 103–113 (2009)
Hirooka, T., Nakazawa, M.: Parabolic pulse generation by use of a dispersion-decreasing fiber with normal group-velocity dispersion. Opt. Lett. 29, 498–500 (2004)
Krčmařík, D., Slavík, R., Park, Y., Azaña, J.: Nonlinear pulse compression of picosecond parabolic-like pulses synthesized with a long period fiber grating filter. Opt. Express 17, 7074–7087 (2009)
Kruglov, V.I., Aguergaray, C., Harvey, J.D.: Parabolic and hyper-Gaussian similaritons in fiber amplifiers and lasers with gain saturation. Opt. Express 20, 8741–8754 (2012)
Kuo, B.P.-P., Fini, J.M., Grüner-Nielsen, L., Radic, S.: Dispersion-stabilized highly-nonlinear fiber for wideband parametric mixer synthesis. Opt. Express 20, 18611–18619 (2012)
Limpert, J., Schreiber, T., Clausnitzer, T., Zöllner, K., Fuchs, H.-J., Kley, E.-B., Zellmer, H., Tünnermann, A.: High-power femtosecond Yb-doped fiber amplifier. Opt. Express 10, 628–638 (2002)
Luo, H.-G., Zhao, D., He X.-G: Exactly controllable transmission of nonautonomous optical solitons. Phys. Rev. A 79, 063802(1–4) (2009)
Marhic, M.E., Wong, K.K.-Y., Kazovsky, L.G., Tsai, T.-E.: Continuous-wave fiber optical parametric oscillator. Opt. Lett. 27, 1439–1441 (2002)
Nishizawa, N., Goto, T.: Widely wavelength-tunable ultrashort pulse generation using polarization maintaining optical fibers. J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 7, 518–524 (2001)
Parmigiani, F., Finot, C., Mukasa, K., Ibsen, M., Roelens, M.A.F., Petropoulos, P., Richardson, D.J.: Ultra-flat SPM-broadened spectra in a highly nonlinear fiber using parabolic pulses formed in a fiber Bragg grating. Opt. Express 14, 7617–7622 (2006)
Poletti, F., Feng, X., Ponzo, G.M., Petrovich, M.N., Loh, W.H., Richardson, D.J.: All-solid highly nonlinear single mode fibers with a tailored dispersion profile. Opt. Express 19, 66–80 (2011)
Rothenberg, J.E.: Femtosecond optical shocks and wave breaking in fiber propagation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 6, 2392–2401 (1989)
Ruehl, A., Prochnow, O., Wandt, D., Kracht, D., Burgoyne, B., Godbout, N., Lacroix, S.: Dynamics of parabolic pulses in an ultrafast fiber laser. Opt. Lett. 31, 2734–2736 (2006)
Smith, S.P., Zarinetchi, F., Ezekiel, S.: Narrow-linewidth stimulated Brillouin fiber laser and applications. Opt. Lett. 16, 393–395 (1991)
Tamura, K.R., Kubota, H., Nakazawa, M.: Fundamentals of stable continuum generation at high repetition rates. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 36, 773–779 (2000)
Tomlison, W.J., Stolen, R.H., Johnson, A.M.: Optical wave breaking of pulses in nonlinear optical fibers. Opt. Lett. 10, 457–459 (1985)
Wabnitz, S., Finot, C.: Theory of parabolic pulse propagation in nonlinear dispersion-decreasing optical fiber amplifiers. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25, 614–621 (2008)
Yang, X., Richardson, D.J., Petropoulos, P.: Nonlinear generation of ultra-flat broadened spectrum based on adaptive pulse shaping. J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1971–1977 (2012)
Acknowledgments
Authors are thankful to Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India for providing the financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghosh, D., Chowdhury, D. & Basu, M. Silica based highly nonlinear fibers to generate parabolic self-similar pulses. Opt Quant Electron 47, 2615–2635 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-015-0144-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-015-0144-z