Abstract
9Cr–1Mo steel forms in CO2 at 550 °C a duplex oxide layer containing an outer magnetite scale and an inner Fe–Cr rich spinel scale. The inner spinel oxide layer is formed according to a void-induced oxidation mechanism. The kinetics of the total oxide growth is simulated from the proposed oxidation model. It is found that the rate limiting step of the total oxide growth is iron diffusion through high diffusion paths such as oxide grain boundaries in the inner Fe–Cr rich spinel oxide layer. In the proposed oxidation model, a network of nanometric high diffusion paths through the oxide layer allows the very fast supply of CO2 inside pores formed at the oxide/metal interface. Its existence is demonstrated to be physically realistic and allows explaining several observed physical features evolving in the oxide layer with time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F. Rouillard, G. Moine, L. Martinelli and J. C. Ruiz, Oxidation of Metals (2011). doi:10.1007/s11085-011-9271-5.
P. C. Rowlands, J. C. P. Garett, F. G. Hicks, S. K. Lister, B. Lloyd and J. A. Twelves, in BNES International Conference on Corrosion of Steels in CO 2 (Reading University, 1974).
P. L. Harrison, R. B. Dooley, S. K. Lister, D. B. Meadowcroft, P. J. Nolan, R. E. Pendlebury, P. L. Surman and M. R. Wooton, in BNES International Conference on Corrosion of Steels in CO 2 (Reading University, 1974).
L. Martinelli, F. Balbaud-Célérier, A. Terlain, S. Delpech, G. Santarini, J. Favergeon, G. Moulin, M. Tabarant and G. Picard, Corrosion Science 50, 2523 (2008).
L. Martinelli, F. Balbaud-Célérier, A. Terlain, S. Bosonnet, G. Picard and G. Santarini, Corrosion Science 50, 2537 (2008).
L. Martinelli, F. Balbaud-Célérier, G. Picard and G. Santarini, Corrosion Science 50, 2549 (2008).
L. Martinelli and F. Balbaud-Célérier, Materials and Corrosion 62, 531 (2011).
M. Backhaus-Ricoult and R. Dieckmann, Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 90, 690 (1986).
J. Töpfer, S. Aggarwal and R. Dieckmann, Solid State Ionics 81, 251 (1995).
A. Atkinson, M. L. O’Dwyer and R. I. Taylor, Journal of Materials Science 18, 2371 (1983).
S. Tinkler and R. Dieckmann, Journal of Materials Science 27, 3799 (1992).
A. Atkinson, M. L. Odwyer and R. I. Taylor, Journal of Materials Science 18, 2371 (1983).
A. Atkinson, Reviews of Modern Physics 57, 437 (1985).
T. Maruyama, M. Ueda and K. Kawamura, Defect and Diffusion Forum 289–292, 1 (2009).
P. L. Surman and A. M. Brown, in Corrosion of Steels in CO 2 (Reading University, 1974).
E. W. Hart, Acta Metallurgica 5, 597 (1957).
Y. Mishin, C. Herzig, J. Bernardini and W. Gust, International Materials Reviews 42, 155 (1997).
M. G. C. Cox, V. D. Scott and B. McEnaney, Philosophical Magazine 26, 839 (1972).
F. Rouillard, G. Moine, M. Tabarant and J. C. Ruiz, Oxidation of Metals (2011). doi:10.1007/s11085-011-9272-4.
R. J. Hussey and M. J. Graham, Corrosion Science 21, 255 (1981).
H. Kyung and C. K. Kim, Materials Science and Engineering B 76, 173 (2000).
A. Atkinson and D. W. Smart, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 135, 2886 (1988).
J. Robertson and M. I. Manning, Materials Science and Technology 4, 1064 (1988).
G. B. Gibbs, R. E. Pendlebury and M. R. Wooton, in Corrosion of Steels in CO 2 (Reading University, 1974).
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to Mme G. Moine and Mr. A. Abdelouahab for having carried out the corrosion tests and the FESEM pictures.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rouillard, F., Martinelli, L. Corrosion of 9Cr Steel in CO2 at Intermediate Temperature III: Modelling and Simulation of Void-induced Duplex Oxide Growth. Oxid Met 77, 71–83 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-011-9273-3
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11085-011-9273-3