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Trichoderma harzianum T6776 modulates a complex metabolic network to stimulate tomato cv. Micro-Tom growth

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Abstract

Background and aims

Trichoderma harzianum 6776 is a novel and beneficial tomato fungal isolate. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the T. harzianum 6776-tomato interaction, several physiological and biochemical responses were explored on dwarf tomato plants, cv. Micro-Tom.

Methods

Growth of treated and untreated plants was evaluated by measuring the height and biomass production of plants. The leaf pigment content and sugar partitioning in plant organs were evaluated by biochemical analysis. The photosynthetic parameters were measured by a miniaturized PAM fluorometer and a portable gas-exchange system. The hormonal analysis in root and xylem sap was performed by gas cromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Results

T. harzianum 6776 positively affected plant growth, increasing the leaf pigment content and improving the photosynthetic activity at both stomatal and non-stomatal levels. Differences in pigment composition and photosynthetic performance were reflected in the carbohydrate content and their partitioning. In the absence of a pathogen, root and xylem vessel stress and growth-related hormone balance were affected by the interaction with T. harzianum 6776, with an increase in jasmonic and indoleacetic acids and a decrease in salicylic acid content.

Conclusions

This study shows the complex connection between increased hormone accumulation and transport, altered sugar partitioning and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency induced by T. harzianum 6776, and how growth promotion is the result of the combination of these drastic changes in Micro-Tom plants.

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Abbreviations

T6776:

Trichoderma harzianum strain 6776

MT:

Micro-Tom plants

JA:

Jasmonic acid

SA:

Salicylic acid

IAA:

Indol-acetic acid

DPI:

Days post inoculum

DPS:

Days post sowing

PSII:

Photosystem II

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to dedicate this work to Maurizio Forti who passed away in December 2013. This work is part of the PhD research activity of Lisa Fiorini (PhD Course of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Italy).

The authors also thank Prof. Alberto Pardossi (University of Pisa) for the Micro-Tom seeds used in this work and for his support in setting up the hydroponic cultivation system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy

    Lisa Fiorini, Lorenzo Guglielminetti, Maurizio Curadi, Piero Picciarelli, Sabrina Sarrocco & Giovanni Vannacci

  2. Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Lorenzo Mariotti

  3. Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00016, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy

    Andrea Scartazza

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  1. Lisa Fiorini
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Correspondence to Lisa Fiorini.

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Fiorini, L., Guglielminetti, L., Mariotti, L. et al. Trichoderma harzianum T6776 modulates a complex metabolic network to stimulate tomato cv. Micro-Tom growth. Plant Soil 400, 351–366 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2736-6

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