Abstract
Aims
We identify P management strategies combining arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation with rock phosphate or composted manure for intensive organic grain-production systems.
Methods
We measured the response of plants traits and soil properties to the factorial combination of three rates of organic-approved P sources applied in rotation phase-1 of legume–flax cropping systems, and of granular AMF inoculant applied in the first, second, or both rotation phases, or not applied. Treatment combinations effects on the rhizosphere communities of AMF, fungi, and bacteria were tested by amplicon sequencing, in two pedoclimates.
Results
Inoculation had limited effects in both environments. Composted manure decreased lentil yield, but increased lentil N and P concentrations and soil P fertility on the Chernozem, while increasing pea productivity on the Luvisol. Composted manure applied in rotation phase-1 had a residual effect on flax productivity, N and P concentrations, and soil P fertility in both environments. Rock phosphate reduced soil P fertility and flax productivity on the Gray Luvisol. The β diversity of the rhizosphere communities was unaffected by treatments, while the α diversity of bacteria and AMF was altered by AMF inoculation and fertilization only in the Gray Luvisol. Correlations between microbial species and plant traits or soil properties were inconsistent, reflecting the complex relationships among microbial community, plant identity, and environmental conditions.
Conclusion
Here, composted manure was more influential than AMF inoculation and rock phosphate. Given the influence of environmental conditions, small field trials are recommended before wide-scale adoption of their use.
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Acknowledgements
This research was financially supported by the Western Grains Research Foundation, the International Plant Nutrition Institute, Premier Tech, and the Government of Canada through Growing Forward. We are grateful to Keith Hanson, Lee Poppy, Greg Semach, Andrea Eastman, and Mandy Collins for setting up the experimental plots, and collecting samples and experimental data, and to the Lethbridge Research and Development Centre and Francis Larney for providing the composted manure and critically reviewing the manuscript. We also thank Mario Laterrière and David Gagné for their help in processing the sequence data.
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Li, Y., Gan, Y., Lupwayi, N. et al. Influence of introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus sources on plant traits, soil properties, and rhizosphere microbial communities in organic legume-flax rotation. Plant Soil 443, 87–106 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04213-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04213-8