Abstract
In recent years, owing to the consistent increase in volume and heterogeneity of the traffic, telecommunication networks have undergone significant innovations. Existing studies have shown that, by adopting a mixed-line-rate (MLR) strategy, wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks can cost-effectively respond to the diverse variety of traffic requirements which have heterogeneous service demands. However, due to the existence of physical layer impairments [specifically cross-phase modulation (XPM)], adjacent channels on different line rates may exhibit serious degradation of signal quality and optical reach. In such cases, launch power governs the bit-error rate as it affects both the signal and the noise power due to XPM. Therefore, an intelligent choice of launch power on different line rates can significantly reduce the network cost. Further, in MLR optical networks, trade-off between regenerator placement and the launch power attains importance and needs to be addressed. In this work, we investigate the launch power and regenerator placement effect on the design of a MLR WDM optical network. The obtained simulation results show that the network cost is (i) mainly controlled by power values of the 10/100/400 Gbps channels, and (ii) decreases for a cost model in which, compared to 10 G transponders, high-bit-rate transponders have higher cost decay. Further, with a lower cost model, it is found that more numbers of regenerators can be deployed, simultaneously minimizing the network cost.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Walk-off length is given as \(L_{{ walk-off}} =\frac{\Delta t}{D\cdot \Delta \lambda }\) , and it decreases with shorter pulse widths (\(\Delta t\)).
References
Liu, M., Tornatore, M., Mukherjee, B.: New strategies for connection protection in mixed-line-rate optical WDM networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 2(9), 641–650 (2011)
Meusburger, C., Schupke, D., Lord, A.: Optimizing the migration of channels with higher bit rates. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 28(4), 608–615 (2010)
Wuth, T., Chbat, M.W., Kamalov, V.F.: Multi-rate (100G/40G/10G) transport over deployed optical networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optical Enggineering Conference (OFC/NFOEC), pp. 1–9 (2008)
Sambo, N., Secondini, M., Cugini, F., Bottari, G., Iovana, P., Cavaliere, F., Castoldi, P.: Modeling and distributed provisioning in 10–40-100-Gb/s multirate wavelength switched optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 29(9), 1248–1257 (2011)
Aparicio-Pardo, R., Pavon-Marino, P., Zsigmond, S.: Mixed line rate virtual topology design considering non-linear interferences between amplitude and phase modulated channels. Photonic Netw. Commun. 22(3), 230–239 (2011)
Batayneh, M., Schupke, D.A., Hoffmann, M., Kirstaedter, A., Mukherjee, B.: On routing and transmission-range determination of multibit-rate signals over mixed-line-rate WDM optical networks for carrier Ethernet. IEEE/OSA Trans. Netw. 19(5), 1304–1316 (2011)
Singh, S.P., Sengar, S., Bajpai, R., Iyer, S.: Next-generation variable-line-rate optical WDM networks: issues and Challenges. J. Opt. Commun. 34(4), 331–350 (2013)
Ramaswami, R., Sivarajan, K.N., Sasaki, G.H.: Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2010)
Bononi, A., Bertolini, M., Serena, P., Bellotti, G.: Cross-phase modulation induced by OOK channels on higher-rate DQPSK and coherent QPSK channels. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave. Technol. 27(18), 3974–3983 (2009)
Nag, A., Tornatore, M.: Transparent vs. translucent optical network design with mixed line rates. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA Optical Fiber Communication/National Fiber Optical Enggineering Conference (OFC/NFOEC), OWI7.pdf, pp. 1–3 (2009)
Verma, S., Jue, J.P.: Regenerator site selection in waveband optical networks supporting mixed line rates. In: Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM, pp. 1–5 (2011)
Palkopoulou, E., Angelou, M., Klonidis, D., Christodoulopoulos, K., Klekamp, A., Buchali, F., Varvarigos, E., Tomkos, I.: Quantifying spectrum, cost, and energy efficiency in fixed-grid and flex-grid networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 4(11), 215–221 (2012)
Savasini, M., Monti, P., Tacca, M., Fumagalli, A., Waldman, H.: Regenerator placement with guaranteed connectivity in optical networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE Optical Network Design and Modeling, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4534, pp. 438–447. Springer, Berlin (2007)
Aparicio-Pardo, R., Pavon-Marino, P., Zsigmond, S.: Mixed line rate virtual topology design considering nonlinear interferences between amplitude and phase modulated channels. Photonic Netw. Commun. 22(3), 230–239 (2011)
Christodoulopoulos, K., Manousakis, K., Varvarigos, E.: Reach Adapting Algorithms for Mixed Line Rate WDM Transport Networks. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 29(21), 3350–3363 (2011)
Sambo, N., Secondini, M., Cugini, F., Bottari, G., Iovanna, P., Cavaliere, F., Castoldi, P.: Modeling and distributed provisioning in 10–40-100-gb/s multi-rate wavelength switched optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 29(9), 1248–1257 (2011)
Paolucci, F., Sambo, N., Cugini, F., Giorgetti, A., Castoldi, P.: Experimental demonstration of impairment-aware PCE for multi-bit-rate WSONs. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 3(8), 610–619 (2011)
Coelho, L., Gaete, O., Schmidt, E., Spinnler, B., Hanik, N.: Global optimization of RZ-DPSK and RZ-DQPSK systems at various data rates. In: Proceedings of IEEE/OSA Optical.Fiber Communication (OFC), pp. 1–3 (2009)
Nag, A., Tornatore, M., Mukherjee, B.: Power management in mixed line rate optical networks. In: Proceedings of OSA Photonics in Switching (PS), pp. 1–3 (2010)
Gao, G., Zhang, J., Gu, W., Feng, Z., Te, Y.: Dynamic power control for mixed line rate transparent wavelength switched optical networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), pp. 1–3 (2010)
Coiro, A., Listanti, M., Valenti, A., Matera, F.: Power-aware routing and wavelength assignment in multi-fiber optical networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 3(11), 816–829 (2011)
Nag, A., Tornatore, M., Mukherjee, B.: On the effect of channel spacing, launch power, and regenerator placement on the design of mixed-line-rate optical networks. Opt. Switch. Netw. 10(4), 301–311 (2013)
Iyer, S., Singh, S.P.: Launch power determination algorithm for dynamic traffic provisioning in mixed-line-rate optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks. Int. J. Internet Protoc. Technol. 9(1), 23–33 (2015)
Iyer, S., Singh, S.P.: Physical layer impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment (PLI-RWA) strategy for mixed line rate (MLR) wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) optical networks. In: Proceedings of \(12^{{\rm th}}\) IEEE Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN), 1–6 (2015)
Iyer, S., Singh, S.P.: A novel launch power determination strategy for physical layer impairment-aware (PLI-A) lightpath provisioning in mixed-Line-Rate (MLR) Optical networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WISPNET), 1–6 (2016)
Christodoulopoulos, K., Manousakis, K., Varvarigos, E.: Offline routing and wavelength assignment in transparent WDM networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 18(5), 1557–1570 (2010)
Iyer, S., Singh, S.P.: Impact of combined non-linearities and ASE noise on performance of 10 Gbps all optical star WDM networks. Sci. Res. Commun. Netw. 3(4), 235–249 (2011)
Iyer, S., Singh, S.P.: Theoretical evaluation of combined nonlinearities and ASE noise penalties in optical star WDM networks based on ITU-T conforming Optical fibers. Inst. Electron. Telecommun. Eng. (IETE) J. Res. 58(6), 482–492 (2012)
Nag, A., Wang, T., Mukherjee, B.: Robust design of spectrum-efficient green optical backbone networks. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 31(7), 1138–1144 (2013)
Simmons, J.M.: Optical Network Design and Planning, 2nd edn. Springer, Berlin (2014)
Iyer, S., Singh, S.P.: Spectral and power-efficiency investigation in single and multi-line-rate optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks. Photonic Netw. Commun. 33(1), 39–51 (2017)
Rival, O., Morea, A., Brochier, N., Drid, H., Rouzic, E.L.: Upgrading optical networks with elastic transponders. In: Proceedings of IEEE European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), pp. 1–3 (2012)
Saunders, R., Nicholl, G., Wellenweber, K., Schmidt, T.: Can 100 Gb/s wavelengths be deployed using 10 Gb/s engineering rules? In: Proceedings of SPIE, Optical Transmission Systems and Equipment for Networking VI, vol. 67740 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Iyer, S., Singh, S.P. Investigation of launch power and regenerator placement effect on the design of mixed-line-rate (MLR) optical WDM networks. Photon Netw Commun 40, 14–30 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0714-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0714-z