Skip to main content
Log in

A Match Made in Heaven: A Marginalized Methodology for Studying the Marginalized

  • Published:
Quality and Quantity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Marginalization consists in not taking others into account on any number of valued outcomes, resulting in powerlessness, ignorance, poverty, illness, insecurity, and other manifestations of devaluation. Two illustrations are presented, including a brief summary of Q methodology, an innovation in factor theory that was marginalized by 20th century developments in psychometrics but has more recently experienced a revival in interest, and which is particularly suited to illuminating and clarifying perspectives, including those of marginalized populations. The procedures associated with Q methodology are demonstrated in terms of clarifying the goals of a Central American initiative to foster development. A second illustration focuses on the applicability of Q methodology in revealing marginalized tendencies within single individuals. A variety of other recent and current applications are briefly summarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • P. Aalto (2003) Constructing Post-Soviet Geopolitics in Estonia Frank Cass London

    Google Scholar 

  • M.E. Abrams (2002) ArticleTitleLike a tree planted by the water: Black journalism students face the job market Negro Educational Review 53 13–29

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Addams J. Proops (Eds) (2000) Social Discourse and Environmental Policy: An Application of Q Methodology Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • D. Anderson (2004) The Application of Q Methodology to Understanding the Experiences of Female Executives in Biotechnology Companies in Massachusetts: A Contextual Perspective School of Leadership Studies, Regent University Virginia Beach, VA

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Ascher A. Hubbard (1989) Introduction W. Ascher A. Hubbard (Eds) Central American Recovery and Development Duke University Press Durham, NC 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Barry J. Proops (2000) Citizenship, Sustainability and Environmental Research: Q Methodology and Local Exchange Trading Systems Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • A.K. Beaver (2002) ArticleTitleWomen leaders alter medical training and practice Women in Higher Education 11 IssueID2 32–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Bleuenstein C. (2003). Client Satisfaction Survey for Violet’s Cupboard using Q methodology. Akron, OH, Unpublished report.

  • M. Born (1927) ArticleTitlePhysical aspects of quantum mechanics Nature 119 354–357

    Google Scholar 

  • S.R. Brown (1970) ArticleTitleOn the use of variance designs in Q methodology Psychological Record 20 179–189

    Google Scholar 

  • S.R. Brown (1980) Political subjectivity: Applications of Q methodology in political science Yale University Press New Haven, CT

    Google Scholar 

  • S.R. Brown (1993) ArticleTitleA primer on Q methodology Operant Subjectivity 16 91–138

    Google Scholar 

  • S.R. Brown (2002) ArticleTitleStructural and functional information Policy Sciences 35 285–304 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1021358313052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S.R. Brown (2003) ArticleTitleThe indigenization of methodology (revisited) Journal of Human Subjectivity 1 1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S. R. (2005a). What’s past is prologue. In: D. Iliescu (ed.), Special Issue on Q Methodology, Human Resources Psychology [Romania] 3(1): 9–12.

  • S.R. Brown (2005b) Applying Q methodology to empowerment D. Narayan (Eds) Measurement and Empowerment: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives World Bank Washington 197–215

    Google Scholar 

  • S.R. Brown D.W. Durning S.C. Selden (1999) Q methodology G.J. Miller M.L. Whicker (Eds) Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration Marcel Dekker New York 599–637

    Google Scholar 

  • S.R. Brown B.O. Kil (2002) ArticleTitleExploring Korean values Asia Pacific: Perspectives 2 IssueID1 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryder, T. (2004). Essays on the Policy Sciences and the Psychology of Politics and Propaganda (Acta Wexionensia No 43/2004, Political Science). Växjö, Sweden: Växjö University Press.

  • J.M. Bublic S. Sitaraman (1998) ArticleTitleMediated images of international understanding: The case of India and the United States Gazette 60 477–491

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Burt (1938a) ArticleTitleA discussion on the application of quantitative methods to certain problems in psychology: Recent developments of statistical method Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 125 419–420

    Google Scholar 

  • C. Burt (1938b) ArticleTitleThe unit hierarchy and its properties Psychometrika 3 151–168 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02288483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. Burt W. Stephenson (1939) ArticleTitleAlternative views on correlations between persons Psychometrika 4 269–281 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02287939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • K. Byrd (2002) ArticleTitleMirrors and metaphors: Contemporary narratives of the wolf in Minnesota Ethics, Place, and Environment 5 IssueID1 50–65 Occurrence Handle10.1080/13668790220146456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Coben (1971) ArticleTitleThe scientific establishment and the transmission of quantum mechanics to the United States, 1919–32 American Historical Review 76 442–466 Occurrence Handle10.2307/1858707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A.H. Clarke (2002) ArticleTitleUnderstanding sustainable development in the context of other emergent environmental perspectives Policy Sciences 35 69–90 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1016067819764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • L.J. Cronbach G.C. Gleser (1954) ArticleTitleReview of the book The study of behavior Psychometrika 19 327–330 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02289232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daniken, E. von (1970). Return to the Stars: Evidence for the Impossible (M. Heron, Trans.). London: Souvenir. (Original work published 1968)

  • T.C. Davis (1997) ArticleTitlePatterns of identity: Basques and the Basque nation Nationalism & Ethnic Politics 3 61–88

    Google Scholar 

  • K.E. Dennis (1987) ArticleTitleDimensions of client control Nursing Research 36 151–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Donner, J. C. (2001, June). Using Q-sorts in participatory processes: An introduction to the methodology. In: R. A. Krueger, M. A. Casey, J. Donner, S. Kirsch, & J. N. Maack (eds.), Social analysis: Selected tools and techniques (Social Development Papers, No. 36) (pp. 24–49). Washington, DC: Social Development Family, The World Bank. Available: http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/essd/essd.nsf/SocialDevelopment/Pubs-SAP

  • A. Downs (1957) An Economic Theory of Democracy Harper & Row New York

    Google Scholar 

  • J.S. Dryzek (2005) ArticleTitleHandle with care: The deadly hermeneutics of deliberative instrumentation Acta Politica 40 197–211 Occurrence Handle10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500099

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.S. Dryzek L. Holmes (2002) Post-Communist Democratization: Political Discourses Across Thirteen Countries Cambridge University Press Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Gallivan (1994) Subjectivity and the psychology of gender: Q as a feminist methodology J. Gallivan S.D. Crozier V.M. Lalande (Eds) Women, Girls, and Achievement Captus University Publications Toronto 29–39

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Gallivan (1999) ArticleTitleGender and humor: What makes a difference North American Journal of Psychology 1 307–318

    Google Scholar 

  • J.J. Gargan S.R. Brown (1993) ArticleTitle“What is to be done?” Anticipating the future and mobilizing prudence Policy Sciences 26 347–359 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00999477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.M.M. Good (1998) ArticleTitleWilliam Stephenson and the quest for a science of subjectivity Revista de Historia de la Psicología 19 431–439

    Google Scholar 

  • G.D. Goodman D. Tiene P. Luft (2002) ArticleTitleAdoption of assistive technology for computer access among college students with disabilities Disability and Rehabilitation 24 80–92 Occurrence Handle10.1080/09638280110066307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T. Heyerdahl (1958) Aku-aku: The secret of Easter Island George Allen & Unwin Chicago: Rand McNally; London

    Google Scholar 

  • T. Heyerdahl (1989) Easter Island: The Mystery Solved Random House New York

    Google Scholar 

  • A.G. Hunter J.E. Davis (1992) ArticleTitleConstructing gender: An exploration of Afro-American men’s conceptualization of manhood Gender and Society 6 464–479

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Jones A. Guy J.A. Ormrod (2003) ArticleTitleA Q-methodological study of hearing voices: A preliminary exploration of voice hearers’ understanding of their experiences Psychology and Psychotherapy 76 189–209 Occurrence Handle10.1348/147608303765951212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • C. Kitzinger (1999) ArticleTitleCommentary: Researching subjectivity and diversity: Q-methodology in feminist psychology Psychology of Women Quarterly 23 267–276

    Google Scholar 

  • B. Kramer P. Hegedus Particlede V. Gravina (2003) ArticleTitleEvaluating a dairy herd improvement project in Uruguay: Testing and explaining Q methodology Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 10 IssueID2 41–50

    Google Scholar 

  • H.D. Lasswell A. Kaplan (1950) Power and Society Yale University Press New Haven, CT

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Lister (2002) ArticleTitleA politics of recognition and respect: Involving people with experience of poverty in decision making that affects their lives Social Policy & Society 1 37–46 Occurrence Handle10.1017/S1474746402001069

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.P. Maxwell (1999) ArticleTitleThe use of performance art and Q methodology for increasing mediator recognition of trauma and domestic violence Mediation Quarterly 16 269–285

    Google Scholar 

  • B.F. McKeown D.B. Thomas (1988) Q methodology Sage Thousand Oaks, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Moalusi, K. P. (in progress). The functioning of Black and White strategic alliances in South Africa. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, SA.

  • S.A. Mulaik (1986) ArticleTitleFactor analysis and Psychometrika: Major developments Psychometrika 51 23–33 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02293996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • B.D. Nelson S. Simić L. Beste D. Vuković V. Bjegović M.J. Rooyen ParticleVan (2003) ArticleTitleMultimodal assessment of the primary healthcare system of Serbia: A model for evaluating post-conflict health systems Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18 6–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, T. D. (2005). Links between Ethics and Public Policy: A Q Methodological Study of Physician Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia. Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University.

  • D.L. Oswald R.D. Harvey (2003) ArticleTitleA Q-methodological study of women’s subjective perspectives on mathematics Sex Roles 49 133–142 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1024456829810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D. Pelletier V. Kraak C. McCullum U. Uusitalo R. Rich (1999) ArticleTitleThe shaping of collective values through deliberative democracy: An empirical study from New York’s North Country Policy Sciences 32 103–131 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1004641300366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R. Robyn (2000) ArticleTitleA methodological approach to national identity in Europe Politique Européen 1 84–107

    Google Scholar 

  • R. Robyn (Eds) (2005) The Changing Face of European Identity: A Seven-Nation Study of (Supra)national Attachments Routledge London

    Google Scholar 

  • C.Y. Senn (1996) Q-methodology as feminist methodology: Women’s views and experiences of pornography S. Wilkinson (Eds) Feminist Social Psychologies: International Perspectives Open University Press Buckingham, UK, Philadelphia 201–217

    Google Scholar 

  • J.M. Smith (2002) ArticleTitleFear as a barrier?: African American men’s avoidance of counseling services Journal of African American Men 6 IssueID4 47–61

    Google Scholar 

  • S.J. Snelling (1999) ArticleTitleWomen’s perspectives on feminism: A Q-methodological study Psychology of Women Quarterly 23 247–266

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Stephenson (1936) ArticleTitleThe foundations of psychometry: Four factor systems Psychometrika 1 195–209 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02288366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W. Stephenson (1938) ArticleTitleA discussion on the application of quantitative methods to certain problems in psychology: Recent developments of statistical method Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 125 422–423

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Stephenson (1953) The Study of Behavior: Q-technique and Its Methodology University of Chicago Press Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Stephenson (1978) ArticleTitleConcourse theory of communication Communication 3 21–40

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Stephenson (1980) Consciring: A general theory for subjective communicability D. Nimmo (Eds) Communication Yearbook 4. Transaction New Brunswick, NJ 7–36

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Stephenson (1990a) ArticleTitleFifty years of exclusionary psychometrics: I. Q technique Operant Subjectivity 13 105–120

    Google Scholar 

  • W. Stephenson (1990b) ArticleTitleFifty years of exclusionary psychometrics: II. Developments Operant Subjectivity 13 141–162

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Stowell-Smith M. McKeown (1999) ArticleTitleLocating mental health in black and white men: A Q-methodological study Journal of Health Psychology 4 209–222 Occurrence Handle10.1348/135910799168588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D.B. Thomas A. McBride L.R. Baas (1996) ArticleTitleContrary convictions: Race and subjectivity in public opinion on the O.J. Simpson criminal trial Operant Subjectivity 19 58–84

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Traweek (1988) Beamtimes and Lifetimes: The World of High Energy Physicists Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  • M.J.G. Eeten ParticleVan (2001) ArticleTitleRecasting intractable policy issues: The wider implications of The Netherlands civil aviation controversy Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 20 391–414 Occurrence Handle10.1002/pam.1000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Vanderbes (2003) Easter Island Dial Press New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, T. A. (in progress). Does Context Matter? Internet Adoption in Public and Private Spaces. Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University.

  • T.K. Wong M.T. Sun (1998) ArticleTitleDissolution and reconstruction of national identity: The experience of subjectivity in Taiwan Nations and Nationalism 4 247–272 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1354-5078.1998.00247.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J.T. Woolley M.V. McGinnis W.S. Herms (2000) Survey methodologies for the study of ecosystem restoration and management: The importance of Q-methodology K.M. Scow G.E. Fogg D.E. Hinton M.L. Johnson (Eds) Integrated assessment of ecosystem health Lewis Boca Raton, FL 321–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Züger Cáceres, R. (in progress). Impact Assessment: Do Participatory Interventions Contribute to Poverty Alleviation? Doctoral dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.

  • Züger Cáceres,, R., & Amani, A. (2003). Evaluación del impacto de escuelas de campo en pobreza y bienestar. Unpublished paper, Centro Internacional de la Papa, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Lima.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven R. Brown.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brown, S.R. A Match Made in Heaven: A Marginalized Methodology for Studying the Marginalized. Qual Quant 40, 361–382 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-005-8828-2

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-005-8828-2

Keywords

Navigation