Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The present status of landfill leachate treatment and its development trend from a technological point of view

  • Review Paper
  • Published:
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

More and more stringent requirements for pollution control and the implementation of the new discharge standard for landfill leachate make the development and application of landfill leachate treatment a research focus. The aim of the review is to determine appropriate technique for effective treatment of landfill leachate. In the paper, various leachate treatment technologies are presented and summarized, the key control parameters and some main problems are discussed from a technological point of view. It is proposed that the improvement of existing technical and the development and industrial application of a new treatment for landfill leachate are necessary. The development and application of integrated leachate treatment process of different physical, biological and chemical technologies could be a suitable option to reduce the contamination levels of leachate. Particularly, advanced oxidation technologies and an efficient integration between physical–chemical processes and biochemical processes are indicated as a significant research direction of new technology development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbas AA, Guo JS, Liu ZP, Pan YY, Al-Rekabi WS (2009) Review on landfill leachate treatments. Am J Appl Sci Res 6:672–684

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abdoli MA, Karbassi AR, Samiee-Zafarghandi R, Rashidi Z, Gitipour S, Pazoki M (2012) Electricity generation from leachate treatment plant. Int J Environ Res 6:493–498

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abood AR, Bao JG, Abudi ZN, Zheng D, Gao CL (2013) Pretreatment of nonbiodegradable landfill leachate by air stripping coupled with agitation as ammonia stripping and coagulation–flocculation processes. Clean Technol Envir 15:1069–1076

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aghamohammadi N, Aziz HB, Isa MH, Zinatizadeh AA (2007) Powdered activated carbon augmented activated sludge process for treatment of semi-aerobic landfill leachate using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 98:3570–3578

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahn WY, Kang MS, Yim SK, Choi KH (2002) Advanced landfill leachate treatment using an integrated membrane process. Desalination 149:109–114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aktas O, Cecen F (2001) Addition of activated carbon to batch activated sludge reactors in the treatment of landfill leachate and domestic wastewater. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 76:793–802

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alkalay D, Guerrero L, Lema JM, Mendez R, Chamy R (1998) Review: anaerobic treatment of municipal sanitary landfill leachates: the problem of refractory and toxic components. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 14:309–320

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ameen ESM, Muyibi SA, Abdulkarim MI (2011) Microfiltration of pretreated sanitary landfill leachate. Environmentalist 31:208–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Amir T (2009) Optimization of coagulation process for landfill leachate pre-treatment using response surface methodology (RSM). J Sust Dev 2:159–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Amokrane A, Comel C, Veron J (1997) Landfill leachates pretreatment by coagulation- flocculation. Water Res 31:2775–2782

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amuda OS (2005) Removal of COD and colour from sanitary landfill leachate by using coagulation-fenton’s process. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 10:49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Anfruns A, Gabarro J, Gonzalez-Olmos R, Puig S, Balaguer MD, Colprim J (2013) Coupling anammox and advanced oxidation-based technologies for mature landfill leachate treatment. J Hazard Mater 258–259:27–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Asha S, Latha P (2013) Treatment of mature landfill leachate from vilappilsala by combined chemical and biological process. Int J Innov Res in Sci Eng Technol 2:4405–4414

    Google Scholar 

  • Aziz HA, Adlan MN, Zahari MSM, Alias S (2004) Removal of ammoniacal–nitrogen (N–NH3) from municipal solid waste leachate by using activated carbon and lime stone. Waste Manage 22:371–375

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babel S, Kurniawan TA (2003) A research study on Cr(VI) removal from contaminated wastewater using natural zeolite. J Ion Exc 14:289–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Babel S, Kurniawan TA (2004) Cr(VI) removal from synthetic wastewater using coconut shell charcoal and commercial activated carbon modified with oxidizing agents and/or chitosan. Chemosphere 54:951–967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barbusinski K, Pieczykolan B (2010) COD removal from landfill leachate using fenton oxidation and coagulation. Archit Civil Eng Environ 4:93–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Bashir MJK, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS, Adlan MN (2010a) Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of ammoniacal nitrogen removal from semi-aerobic landfill leachate using ion exchange resin. Desalination 254:154–161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bashir MJK, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS, Aziz SQ, Mohajeri S (2010b) Stabilized sanitary landfill leachate treatment using anionic resin: treatment optimization by response surface methodology. J Hazard Mater 182:115–122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bashir MJK, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS (2011) New sequential treatment for mature landfill leachate by applying cationic/anionic and anionic/cationic processes: optimization and comparative study. J Hazard Mater 186:92–102

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgarten G, Seyfried CF (1996) Experiences and new developments in biological pre-treatment and physical post-treatment of landfill leachate. Water Sci Technol 34:445–453

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Ali MA, Rakib M, Laborie S, Viers Ph, Durand G (2004) Coupling of bipolar membrane electrode analysis and ammonia stripping for direct treatment of wastewaters containing ammonium nitrate. J Membrane Sci 244:89–96

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benson CH, Barlaz MA, Lane DT, Rawe JM (2007) Practice review of five bioreactor/recirculation landfills. Waste Manag 27:13–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beylier MR (2012) Treatment of mature urban landfill leachates by Anammox process. Dissertation, University of Girona

  • Bigot V, Luck F, Paillard H, Wagner A (1994) Landfill leachate treatment: comparison of three oxidation processes using ozone. In: Proceedings of the international ozone association regional conference, European-African Group, Zürich, Switzerland, pp 219–228

  • Blauvelt A, Plummer JD, Zhou HS (2009) Removal of Ammonia from Landfill Leachate. Dissertation, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

  • Bohdziewicz J, Bodzek M, Gorska J (2001) Application of pressure-driven membrane techniques to biological treatment of landfill leachate. Process Biochem 36:641–646

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyer TH, Graf KC, Comstock SE, Townsend TG (2011) Magnetic ion exchange treatment of stabilized landfill leachate. Chemosphere 83:1220–1227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calli B, Mertoglu B, Inanc B (2005) Landfill leachate management in Istanbul: applications and alternatives. Chemosphere 59:819–829

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calli B, Mertoglu B, Roest K, Inan B (2006) Comparison of long-term performances and final microbial compositions of anaerobic reactors treating landfill leachate. Bioresource Technol 97:641–647

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castillo E, Vergara M, Moreno Y (2007) Landfill leachate treatment using a rotating biological contactor and an upward-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor. Waste Manage 27:720–726

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Castrillon L, Fernandez-Nava Y, Ulmanu M, Anger I, Maranon E (2010) Physico-chemical and biological treatment of MSW landfill leachate. Waste Manage 30:228–235

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cecen F, Gursoy G (2000) Characterization of landfill leachates and studies on heavy metal removal. J Environ Monit 2:436–442

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cecen F, Erdincler A, Kilic E (2003) Effect of powdered activated carbon addition on sludge dewaterability and substrate removal in landfill leachate treatment. Adv Environ Res 7:707–713

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang SJ, Tsai JL, Vigneswaran S (1996) Experimental investigation of the effect of particle size distribution of suspended particles on microfiltration. Water Sci Technol 34:133–140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Q, Yang F (2012) Pilot studies on treating leachate by submerged ultrafiltration membrane. Membrane Sci Technol 32:83–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheung KC, Chu LM, Wong MH (1997) Ammonia stripping as a pretreatment for landfill leachate. Water Air Soil Poll 94:209–221

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chianese A, Ranauro R, Verdone N (1999) Treatment of landfill leachate by reverse osmosis. Water Res 33:647–652

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang LC, Chang JE, Wen TC (1995a) Electrochemical Treatability of Refractory Pollutants In Landflll Leachate. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 12:71–82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang LC, Chang JE, Wen TC (1995b) Indirect Oxidation Effect in Electrochemical OxidationTreatment of Landfill Leachate. Water Res 29:671–678

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang LC, Chang JE, Chung CT (2001) Electrochemical oxidation combined with physical-chemical pretreatment processes for the treatment of refractory landfill leachate. Environ Eng Sci 18:369–379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chingombe P, Saha B, Wakeman RJ (2005) Surface modification and characterization of a coal-based activated carbon. Carbon 433:3132–3143

    Google Scholar 

  • Chys M, Declerck W, Audenaert WTM, Van Hulle SWH (2014) UV/H2O2, O3 and (photo-) Fenton as treatment prior to granular activated carbon filtration of biologically stabilized landfill leachate. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. doi:10.1002/jctb.4344

    Google Scholar 

  • Collivignarelli C, Bertanza G, Baldi M, Avezzu F (1998) Ammonnia stripping from MSW landfill leachate in bubble reactors: process modeling and optimization. Waste Res 16:455–466

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cortez S, Teixeira P, Oliveira R, Mota M (2010) Ozonation as polishing treatment of mature landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 182:730–734

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cortez S, Teixeira P, Oliveira R, Mota M (2011) Evaluation of Fenton and ozone-based advanced oxidation processes as mature landfill leachate pre-treatments. J Environ Manage 92:749–755

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai JG, Song QW, Zhang Y, Qin Q (2011) Directions for development of landfill leachate treatment technologies under the new standard in China. J Environ Eng Technol 1:270–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Daifullah AAM, Girgis BS, Gad HMH (2004) A study of the factors affecting the removal of humic acid by activated carbon prepared from biomass material. Colloid Surf A-Physicochem Eng asp 235:1–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Del-Borghi A, Binaghi L, Converti A, Del-Borghi M (2003) Combined treatment of leachate from sanitary landfill and municipal wastewater by activated sludge. Chem Biochem Eng Q 17:277–283

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Denecke M, Rekers V, Walter U (2007) Einsparpotenziale bei der biologischen Reinigung von Deponiesickerwasser (Cost saving potentials in the biological treatment of landfill leachate). Mull und Abfall 39:4–7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng Y (2007) Physical and oxidative removal of organics during Fenton treatment of maturemunicipal landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 146:334–340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng Y (2009) Advanced oxidation processes (AOPS) for reduction of organic pollutants in landfill leachate: a review. Int J Environ Waste Manage 4:367–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng Y, Englehardt JD (2007) Electrochemical oxidation for landfill leachate treatment. Waste Manage 27:380–388

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derco J, Gulyasoca A, Horoak M (2002) Influence of ozonation on biodegradability of refractory organics in a landfill leachate. Chem Pap 56:41–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Laconi C, Ramadori R, Lopez A (2006) Combined biological and chemical degradation for treating a mature municipal landfill leachate. Biochem Eng J 31:118–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Laconi C, Pagano M, Ramadori R, Lopez A (2010) Nitrogen recovery from a stabilized municipal landfill leachate. Bioresour Technol 101:1732–1736

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamadopoulos E (1994) Characterization and treatment of recirculation-stabilized leachate. Water Res 28:2439–2445

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egli K, Fanger U, Alvarez PJJ, Siegrist H, van der Meer JR, Zehnder AJB (2001) Enrichment and characterization of an anammox bacterium from a rotating biological contactor treating ammonium-rich leachate. Arch Microbiol 175:198–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrig H, Stegmann R (1992) Biological process. In: Cossu R, Stegmann R (eds) Christensen TH. Landfilling of Waste, Leachate. London and New York, pp 185–202

    Google Scholar 

  • EL-Fadel M, Findikakis AN, Leckie JO (1997) Environmental impacts of solid waste landfilling. J Environ Manage 50:1–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Enzminger JD, Robertson D, Ahlert RC, Kosson DS (1987) Treatment of landfill leachates. J Hazard Mater 14:83–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EPA Guidance Manual (1999) Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manual. EPA Web. http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/pdf/alter/chapt_4.pdf. Accessed April 1999

  • Fernandes H, Viancelli A, Martins CL, Antonio RV, Costa RHR (2012) Microbial and chemical profile of a ponds system for the treatment of landfill leachate. Waste Manage 33:2123–2128

    Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez Y, Maranon E, Castrillon L, Vazquez I (2005) Removal of Cd and Zn from inorganic industrial waste leachate by ion exchange. J Hazard Mater 126:169–175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferraz FM, Povinelli J, Maria E, Vieira EM (2013) Ammonia removal from landfill leachate by air stripping and absorption. Environ Technol 34:2317–2326

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fettig J (1999) Removal of humic substances by adsorption/ion exchange. Water Sci Technol 40:171–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Foo KY, Hameed BH (2009) An overview of landfill leachate treatment via activated carbon adsorption process. J Hazard Mater 171:54–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forgies DJL (1988) Selection of the most appropriate leachate treatment methods. Part 3: a decision model for the treatment train selection. Water Pollut Res J Can 23:341–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghafari S, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Zinatizadeh AA (2009) Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize coagulation-flocculation treatment of leachate using poly-aluminium chloride (PAC) and alum. J Hazard Mater 163:650–656

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giannis A, Makripodis G, Simantiraki F, Somara M, Gidarakos E (2008) Monitoring operational and leachate characteristics of an aerobic simulated landfill bioreactor. Waste Manag 28:1346–1354

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gierlich H, Kollbach J (1998) Treating Landfill Leachate in European Countries. Pollut Eng Int 3:10–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Goi A, Veressinina Y, Trapido M (2010) Fenton process for landfill leachate treatment: evaluation of biodegradability and toxicity. Environ Eng 136:46–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonze E, Commenges N, Gonthier Y, Bernis A (2003) High frequency ultrasound as a pre- or a post-oxidation for paper mill wastewaters and landfill leachate treatment. Chem Eng J 92:215–225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottschalk C, Libra JA, Saupe A (2010) Ozonation of water and waste water, 2nd edn. Weinheim, Germany

  • Gourdon R, Comel C, Vermande P, Veron J (1989) Fractionation of the organic matter of a landfill leachate before and after aerobic or anaerobic biological treatment. Water Res 23:167–173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grote M, Schumacher U (1997) Bipolar ion-exchange resins based on functional acidic tetrazolium groups-their synthesis, structure and properties. React Funct Polym 35:179–196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gui XN, Yang HZ (2007) Application of advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of landfill leachate treatment. Environ Sci Manage 32:58–63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasar H, Unsal SA, Ipek U, Karatas S, Cınar O, Yaman C, Kınacı C (2009) Stripping/flocculation/membrane bioreactor/reverse osmosis treatment of municipal landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 171:309–317

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henry JG, Prasad D, Young H (1987) Removal of organics from leachates by anaerobic filter. Water Res 21(11):1395–1399

  • Hippen A, Rosemwinkel KH, Baumgarten G, Seyfried CF (1997) Aerobic deammonification: a new experience in the treatment of wastewaters. Water Sci Technol 35:111–120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hippen A, Helmer C, Kunst S, Rosenwinkel KH, Seyfried CF (2001) Six years’ practical experience with aerobic/anoxic deammonification in biofilm systems. Water Sci Technol 44:39–48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horan NJ, Gohar H, Hill B (1997) Application of a granular activated carbon-biological fluidized bed for the treatment of landfill leachates containing high concentrations of ammonia. Water Sci Technol 36:369–375

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huset CA, Barlaz MA, Barofsky DF, Field JA (2011) Quantitative determination of fluorochemicals in municipal landfill leachates. Chemosphere 82:1380–1386

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ihara I, Kanamura K, Shimada E, Watanabe T (2004) High gradient magnetic separation combined with electrocoagulation and electrochemical oxidation for the treatment of landfill leachate. IEEE Trans Appl Supercon 14:1558–1560

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imai A, Onuma K, Inamori Y, Sudo R (1995) Biodegradation and adsorption in refractory leachate treatment by the biological activated carbon fluidized bed process. Water Res 29:687–694

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imen S, Ismail T, Sami S, Fathi A, Khaled M, Ahmed G, Latifa B (2009) Characterization and anaerobic batch reactor treatment of Jebel Chakir Landfill leachate. Desalination 246:417–424

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ince NH (1998) Light-enhanced chemical oxidation for tertiary treatment of municipal landfill leachate. Water Environ Res 70:1161–1169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ince M, Senturk E, Engin GO, Keskinler B (2010) Further treatment of landfill leachate by nanofiltration and microfiltration-PAC hybrid process. Desalination 255:52–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jans JM, van der Schroeff A, Jaap A (1992) Combination of UASB pretreatment and reverse osmosis. In: Cossu R, Stegmann R (eds) Christensen TH. Landfilling of Waste, Leachate. Amsterdam, pp 313–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins BM, Mannapperum JD, Bakker RR (2003) Biomass leachate treatment by reverse osmosis. Fuel Process Technol 81:223–246

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jokela JPY, Kettunen RH, Sormunen KM, Rintala JA (2002) Biological nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate: low-cost nitrification in biofilters and laboratory scale in situ denitrification. Water Res 36:4079–4087

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kargi F, Pamukoglu MY (2003a) Aerobic biological treatment of pre-treated landfill leachate by fed-batch operation. Enzyme Microb Tech 33:588–595

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kargi F, Pamukoglu MY (2003b) Powdered activated carbon added biological treatment of pre-treated landfill leachate in a fed-batch reactor. Biotechnol Lett 25:695–699

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kargi F, Pamukoglu MY (2004) Repeated fed-batch biological treatment of pre-treated landfill leachate by powdered actibated carbon addition. Enzyme Microb Tech 34:422–428

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kawai M, Purwanti IF, Nagao N, Slamet A, Hermana J, Tod T (2012) Seasonal variation in chemical properties and degradability by anaerobic digestion of landfill leachate at Benowo in Surabaya, Indonesia. J Environ Manage 110:267–275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy KJ, Lentz EM (2000) Treatment of landfill leachate using sequencing batch and continuous flow upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Water Res 34:3640–3656

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kettunen RH, Rintala JA (1998) Performance of an on-site UASB reactor treating leachate at low temperature. Water Res 32:537–546

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kettunen RH, Hoilijoki TH, Rintala JA (1996) Anaerobic and sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatments of municipal landfill leachate at low temperature. Bioresource Technol 58:31–40

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kheradmand S, Karimi-Jashni A, Sartaj M (2010) Treatment of municipal landfill leachate using a combined anaerobic digester and activated sludge system. Waste Manage 30:1025–1031

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim YD, Lee DG (2009) Comparative study on leachate in closed landfill sites: focusing on seasonal variations. J Matter Cycles Waste Manag 11:174–182

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim D, Ryu HD, Kim MS, Kim J, Lee SI (2007) Enhancing struvite precipitation potential for ammonia nitrogen removal in municipal landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 146:81–85

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kjeldsen P, Barlaz MA, Rooker AP, Baun A, Ledin A, Christensen TH (2002) Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: a review. Critl Rev Environ Sci Technol 32:297–336

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulikowska D, Klimiuk E (2008) The effect of landfill age on municipal leachate composition. Bioresour Technol 99:5981–5985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurniawan TA (2002) A research study on Cr (VI) removal from electroplating wastewater using chemically modified low-cost adsorbents and commercial activated carbon. Dissertation, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University

  • Kurniawan TA, Lo WH (2009) Removal of refractory compounds from stabilized landfill leachate using an integrated H2O2 oxidation and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption treatment. Water Res 43:4079–4091

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurniawan TA, Linb L, Loa WH, Gilbert YS Chana (2006) Application of ammonia stripping followed by Ozonated GAC adsorption for treatment of high-strength stabilized landfill leachate. In: Davis EB (ed) Frontiers in environmental research. New York, pp 33–49

  • Kurniawan TA, Lo WH, Chan GYS (2006b) Physico-chemical treatments for removal of recalcitrant contaminatans from landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater B129:80–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurniawan TA, Lo WH, Chan GYS (2006c) Radicals-catalyzed oxidation reactions for degradation of recalcitrant compounds from landfill leachate. Chem Eng J 125:35–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen N, Luonsi A, Vilen J (2006) Landfill leachate treatment with sequencing batch reactor and membrane bioreactor. Desalination 191:86–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lamarre B, Shearouse D (1994) Air Stripping Industrial Wastewater. Pollut Eng. infohouse.p2ric.org/ref/28/27567.pdf. Accessed September 1994

  • Lema JM, MeÂndez R, BlaÂzquez R (1988) Characteristics landfill leachates and alternatives for their treatment: review. Water Air Soil Poll 40:223–250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leu MH, Chang JE (1999) Removal of metals from landfill enriched leachate with electrolytic process. Proceedings of the International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management. PA, USA, Philadelphia, pp 452–459

    Google Scholar 

  • Li XZ, Zhao QL (2001) Efficiency of biological treatment affected by high strength of ammonium–nitrogen as pretreatment. Chemosphere 44:37–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li XZ, Zhao QL, Hao XD (1999) Ammonium removal from landfill leachate by chemical precipitation. Waste Manage 19:409–415

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Zhang LB, Peng JH, Li N, Zhu XY (2008) Preparation of high surface area activated carbons from tobacco stems with K2CO3 activation using microwave radiation. Indus Crops Prod 27:341–347

    Google Scholar 

  • Li HJ, Zhao YC, Lei S, Gu YY (2009) Three-stage aged refuse biofilter for the treatment of landfill leachate. J Environ Sci 21:70–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Zhou QX, Hua T (2010) Removal of organic matter from landfill leachate by advanced oxidation processes: a review. Int J Chem Eng 2010:46–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang Z, Liu J (2008) Landfill Leachate Treatment with a novel process: anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) combined with soil infiltration system. J Hazard Mater 151:202–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang Z, Liu JX, Li J (2009) Decomposition and mineralization of aquatic humic substances (AHS) in treating landfill leachate using the Anammox process. Chemosphere 74:1315–1320

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin SH, Chang CC (2000) Treatment of landfill leachate by combined electro-Fenton oxidation and sequencing batch reactor method. Water Res 34:4243–4249

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin CY, Bian FY, Chou J (1999) Anaerobic co-digestion of septage and landfill leachate. Bioresource Technol 68:275–282

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin CY, Chang FY, Chang CH (2000) Codigestion of leachate with septage using a UASB reactor. Bioresour Technol 73:175–178

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linde K, Jonsson AS, Wimmerstedt R (1995) Treatment of three types of landfill leachate with reverse osmosis. Desalination 101:21–30

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Zuo J, Yang Y, Zhu S, Kuang S, Wang K (2010) An autotrophic nitrogen from an UASB reactor fed by landfill leachate. J Environ Sci 22:777–783

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Li XM, Yang Q, Yue X, Shen TT, Zheng W, Luo K, Sun YH, Zeng GM (2012) Landfill leachate pretreatment by coagulation–flocculation process using iron-based coagulants: optimization by response surface methodology. Chem Eng J 200–202:39–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Loizidou M, Kapetanios EG, Papadopoulos A (1992) Assessment of leachate characteristics and its treatability. Fresenius Environ Bull 1:748–753

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopez A, Pagano M, Volpe A, Di Pinto A (2004) Fenton’s pre-treatment of mature landfill leachate. Chemosphere 54:1005–1010

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mael RB (2012) Treatment of mature urban landfill leachates by anammox process. Dissertation, Universitat de Girona

  • Mahmud K, Hossain MD, Shams S (2012) Different treatment strategies for highly polluted landfill leachate in developing countries. Waste Manage 32:2096–2105

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maranon E, Castrillon L, Fernandez-Nava Y, Fernandez-Mendez A, Fernandez-Sanchez A (2008) Coagulation–flocculation as a pretreatment process at a landfill leachate nitrification–denitrification plant. J Hazard Mater 156:538–544

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marco A, Esplugas S, Saum G (1997) How and why combine chemical and biological processes for wastewater treatment. Water Sci Technol 35:321–327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mariam T, Nghiem LD (2010) Landfill leachate treatment using hybrid coagulation-nanofiltration processes. Desalination 250:667–681

    Google Scholar 

  • Marttinen SK, Kettunen RH, Sormunen KM, Soimasuo RM, Rintala JA (2002) Screening of physical–chemical methods for removal of organic material, nitrogen and toxicity from low strength landfill leachate. Chemosphere 46:851–858

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meeroff DE, Bloetscher F, Reddy DV, Gasnier F, Swapnil J, McBarnette A, Hatsuko H (2012) Application of photochemical technologies for treatment of landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 209–210:299–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehmood MK, Adetutu E, Nedwell DB, Ball AS (2009) In situ microbial treatment of landfill leachate using aerated lagoons. Bioresource Technol 100:2741–2744

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohajeri S, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Zahed MA, Adlan MN (2010) Statistical optimization of process parameters for landfill leachate treatment using electro-Fenton technique. J Hazard Mater 176:749–758

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammad AW, Hilal N, Pei LY (2004) Treatment of landfill leachate wastewater by nanofiltration membrane. Int J Green Energy 1:251–263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mojiri A (2011) Review on membrane bioreactor, ion exchange and adsorption methods for landfill leachate treatment. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 5:1365–1370

    Google Scholar 

  • Mojiri A, Aziz HA, Aziz SQ (2013) Trends in physical-chemical methods for landfill leachate treatment. Int J Sci Res Environ Sci 1:16–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Moraes PB, Bertazzoli R (2005) Electrodegradation of landfill leachate in a flow electrochemical reactor. Chemosphere 58:41–46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morawe B, Ramteke DS, Vogelpohl A (1995) Activated carbon column performance studies of biologically treated landfill leachate. Chem Eng Process 34:299–303

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neczaj E, Okoniewska E, Malgorzata K (2005) Treatment of landfill leachate by sequencing batch reactor. Desalination 185:357–362

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neczaj E, Kacprzak M, Lach J, Okoniewska E (2007) Effect of sonication on combined treatment of landfill leachate and domestic sewage in SBR reactor. Desalination 204:227–233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nedwell DB, Reynolds PJ (1996) Treatment of landfill leachate by methanogenic and sulphate-reducing digestion. Water Res 30(1):21–28

  • Ngo HH, Guo WS, Xing W (2008) Applied Technologies in Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate Treatment. Encyclopedia of life support systems (EOLSS), pp 17

  • Ntampou X, Zouboulis AI, Samaras P (2006) Appropriate combination of physico-chemical methods (coagulation/flocculation and ozonation) for the efficient treatment of landfill leachates. Chemosphere 62:722–730

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oller I, Malato S, Sánchez-Pérez JA (2011) Combination of advanced oxidation processes and biological treatments for wastewater decontamination: a review. Sci Total Environ 409:4141–4166

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk I, Altinbas M, Koyuncu I, Arikan O, Gomec-Yangin C (2003) Advanced physico-chemical treatment experiences on young municipal landfill leachates. Waste Manage 23:441–446

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panizza M, Bocca C, Cerisola G (2000) Electrochemical treatment of wastewater containing polyaromatic organic pollutants. Water Res 34:2601

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park S, Choi KS, Joe KS, Kim WH, Kim HS (2001) Variations of landfill leachate’s properties in conjunction with the treatment process. Environ Technol 22:639–645

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paxeus N (2000) Organic compounds in municipal landfill leachates. Water Sci Technol 42:323

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters TA (1998) Purification of landfill leachate with membrane filtration. Filtr Separat 35:33–36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters TA (2001) High advanced open channel membrane desalination. Desalination 134:13–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Pi KW, Gong WQ (2008) Biodegradability enhancement of municipal landfill leachate. Water Sci Eng 1:89–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pi KW, Gao LX, Fan MX, Gong WQ, Wan DJ (2009) Two-stage biodegradation coupled with ultrafiltration for treatment of municipal landfill leachate. Process Saf Environ 87:336–342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piatkiewicz W, Biemacka E, Suchecka T (2001) A polish study: treating landfill leachate with membranes. Filtr Sep 38:22–26

  • Polcaro AM, Palmas S, Renoldi F, Mascia M (1999) On the performance of Ti/SnO, and TI/PbO, anodes in electrochemical degradation of 2-chlorophenol for wastewater treatment. J Appl Electrochem 29:147–151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Primo O, Rivero MJ, Urtiaga AM, Ortiz I (2009) Nitrate removal from electro-oxidized landfill leachate by ion exchange. J Hazard Mater 164:389–393

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qureshi TI, Kim HT, Kim YJ (2002) UV catalytic treatment of municipal solid-waste landfill leachate with hydrogen peroxide and ozone oxidation. J Chem Eng 10:444–449

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramprasad C (2012) Electrochemical treatment of landfill leachate. Int J Appl Sci Eng Res 1:57–67

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rautenbach R, Vossenkaul K, Linn T, Katz T (1997) Waste water treatment by membrane processes: new development in ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. Desalination 108:1247–1253

    Google Scholar 

  • Rekers V, Denecke M, Walter U (2008) Betriebserfahrungen mit der anaeroben Deammonifikation von Deponiesickerwasser. DepoTech Leoben, Austria Institut für nachhaltige Abfallwirtschaft und Entsorgungstechnik

    Google Scholar 

  • Renou S, Givaudan JG, Poulain S, Dirassouyan F, Moulin P (2008) Landfill leachate treatment: review and opportunity. J Hazard Mater 150:468–498

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson HD (1999) State-of-the-Art Landfill Leachate Treatment Systems in the UK and Ireland. Solid waste association of north America grlm. IWM Annual landfill symposium 4th, pp 323–338

  • Robinson HD, Grantham G (1988) The treatment of landfill leachates in on-site aerated lagoon plants: experience in Britain and Ireland. Water Res 22:733–747

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rocha EMR, Vıtor VJP, Fonseca A, Saraiva I, Boaventura RAR (2011) Landfill leachate treatment by solar-driven AOPs. Sol Energy 85:46–56

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowley A, Stratton-Campbell D (2002) In the Electrochemical Treatment of Landfill Leachate: Final Report, (report no. CT1048). C-Tech Innovation Ltd. http://www.capenhurst.com. Accessed October 2002

  • Rubio J, Souza ML, Smith RW (2002) Overview of flotation as a wastewater treatment technique. Miner Eng 15:139–155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid M, Walsh K, Webb R, Rijpstra WIC, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Verbruggen MJ, Hill T, Moffett B, Fuerst J, Schouten S, Damste JSS, Harris J, Shaw P, Jetten M, Strous M (2003) Candidatus “Scalindua brodae”, sp. nov., Candidatus “Scalindua wagneri”, sp. nov., two new species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria. Systematic Appl Microbiology 26(4):529–538

  • Schulte P, Bayer A, Kuhn F, Luy T, Volkmer M (1995) H2O2/O3, H2O2/UV and H2O2/Fe2+ processes for the oxidation of hazardous wastes. Ozone Sci Eng 17:119–134

  • Shalini SS, Joseph K (2013) Start-up of the SHARON and ANAMMOX process in landfill bioreactors using aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidising biomass. Bioresour Technol 149:474–485

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegrist H, Reithaar S, Lais P (1998) Nitrogen loss in a nitrifying rotating contactor treating ammonium rich leachate without organic carbon. Water Sci Technol 37:589–591

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva AC, Dezotti M, SantAnna GL Jr (2004) Treatment and detoxification of a sanitary landfill leachate. Chemosphere 55:207–214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silva TF, Silva ME, Cunha-Queda AC, Fonseca A, Saraiva I, Sousa MA, Gonçalves C, Alpendurada MF, Boaventura RA, Vilar VJ (2013) Multistage treatment system for raw leachate from sanitary landfill combining biological nitrification-denitrification/solar photo-Fenton/biological processes, at a scale close to industrial-biodegradability enhancement and evolution profile of trace pollutants. Water Res 47(16):6167–6186

  • Singh SK, Tang WZ (2013) Statistical analysis of optimum Fenton oxidation conditions for landfill leachate treatment. Waste Manage 33:81–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh G, Kumar B, Sen PK, Majumdar J (1999) Removal of fluoride from spent pot liner leachate using exchange. Water Environ Res 71:36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sír M, Podhola M, Patocka T, Honzajkova Z, Kocurek P, Kubal M, Kura M (2012) The effect of humic acids on the reverse osmosis treatment of hazardous landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 207–208:86–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Sletten RS, Benjamin MM, Horng JJ, Ferguson JF (1995) Physical-chemical treatment of landfill leachate for metals removal. Water Res 29:2376–2386

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steensen M (1997) Chemical oxidation for the treatment of leachate-process comparison and results from full-scale plants. Water Sci Technol 35:249–256

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strous M, Heijnen JJ, Kuenen JG, Jetten MSM (1998) The sequencing batch reactor as a powerful tool for the study of slowly growing anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biot 50:589–596

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart M, Lapworth D, Crane E, Hart A (2012) Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater. Sci Total Environ 416:1–21

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabet K, Moulin P, Vilomet A, Amberto F, Charbit F (2002) Purification of landfill leachate with membrane processes: preliminary studies for an industrial plant. Sep Sci Technol 37:1041–1063

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tabrizi GB, Mehva M (2004) Integration of advanced oxidation technologies and biological processes: recent developments, trends and advances. J Environ Sci Health 39:3029–3081

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatsi AA, Zouboulis AI (2002) A field investigation of the quantity and quality of leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill in a Mediterranean climate (Thessaloniki, Greece). Adv Environ Res 6:207–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tatsi AA, Zouboulis AI, Matis KA, Samaras P (2003) Coagulation flocculation pretreatment of sanitary landfill leachate. Chemosphere 53:737–744

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Timur H, Ozturk I (1999) Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treatment of landfill leachate. Water Res 33:3225–3230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tizaoui C, Bouselmi L, Mansouri L, Ghrabi A (2007) Landfill leachate treatment with ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide systems. J Hazard Mater 140:316–324

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trebouet D, Schlumpf JP, Jaouen P, Quemeneur F (2001) Stabilized landfill leachate treatment by combined physicochemical–nanofiltration processes. Water Res 35:2935–2942

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umar M, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS (2010a) Trends in the use of fenton, electro-fenton and photo-fenton for the treatment of landfill leachate. Waste Manage 30:2113–2121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umar M, Aziz HA, Yusoff MS (2010b) Variability of parameters involved in leachate pollution index and determination of LPI from four landfills in Malaysia. Int J Chem Eng 2010:56–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Urase T, Salequzzaman M, Kobayashi S, Matsuo T, Yamamoto K, Suzuki N (1997) Effect of high concentration of organic and inorganic matters in landfill leachate on the treatment of heavy metals in very low concentration level. Water Sci Technol 36:349–356

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agent) (2004) RCRA environmental progress report. EPA’ office of solid waste

  • Uygur A, Kargı F (2004) Biological nutrient removal from pre-treated landfill leachate in a sequencing batch reactor. J Environ Manage 71:9–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Hulle SWH, Vandeweyer HJP, Meesschaert BD, Vanrolleghem PA, Dejans P, Dumoulin A (2010) Engineering aspects and practical application of autotrophic nitrogen removal from nitrogen rich streams. Chem Eng J 162:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Hullebusch ED, Oturan MA (2011) Use of Advanced Oxidation Processes to Improve the Biodegradability of Landfill Leachates. www.iat.unina.it/summerschool/pdf/vanVan Hullebusch.pdf. Accessed 5 May 2011

  • Visvanathan C, Ben AR, Parameshwaran K (2000) Membrane separation bioreactors for wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Env Sci Tec 30:1–48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visvanathan C, Josef Tränkler I, Zhou GM, Nair L, Sankaran S, Kuruparan P, Norbu T, Shapkota P (2004) State of the Art Review Landfill Leachate Treatment. J Environ Engin Manag

  • Vives MT, Colprim J, Lopea H, Ganigue R, Ruscalleda M, Sanchez A, Vila X, Lopez R, Llorens M, Salamero M, Gonzalez E, Jimeneze E, Balaguer MD, Elorduy M (2007) Clonic-Closing the nitrogen cycle from urban landfill leachate by biological nireogen removal over nitrite and thermal and thermal treatment. lifeleachate Web. http://www.lifeleachate.com/01about/01_intro.asp.html. Accessed 31 May 2007

  • Vogel D, Bilitewski B, Nghiem LD (2007) Membrane fouling in the nanofiltration of landfill leachate and its impact on trace contaminant removal. Int J Environ Waste Manag 4:338–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Wable O, Jousset M, Courant P, Duguet JP (1993) Oxidation of landfill leachates by ozone and hydrogen peroxide: A French example. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Ozone-Oxidation Methods for Water and Wastewater Treatment. Wasser Berlin, Germany, pp 433–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang CC, Kumar M, Lan CJ, Lin JG (2011) Landfill leachate treatment by simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process. Desalin Water Treat 32:4–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Warith M (2002) Bioreactor landfills:experimental and field results. Waste Manag 22:7–17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Warith M, Li X, Jin H (2005) Bioreactor landfills: state-of-the-art review. Emirates J Eng Res 10(1):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasay SA, Barrington S, Tokunaga S (1999) Efficiency of GAC for treatment of leachate from soil washing process. Water Air Soil Poll 116:449–460

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welander U, Henrysson T, Welander T (1998) Biological nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate in a pilot scale suspended carrier biofilm process. Water Res 32:1564–1570

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiszniowski J, Robert D, Surmacz-Gorska J, Miksch K, Weber JV (2006) Landfill leachate treatment methods: a review. Environ Chem Lett 4:51–61

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu HY (2008) All the Waste in China - the Development of Sanitary Landfilling. Waste Management World Web. http://www.waste-management-world.com/articles/print/volume-9/issue-4/features/all-the-waste-in-china-the-development-of-sanitary-landfilling.html

  • Xu ZY, Zeng GM, Yang ZH, Xiao Y, Cao M, Sun HS, Ji LL, Chen Y (2010) Biological treatment of landfill leachate with the integration of partial nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation and heterotrophic denitrification. Bioresource Technol 101:79–86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • York RJ, Thiel RS, Beaudry EG (1999) Full-scale experience of direct osmosis concentration applied to leachate management. Proceedings Sardinia 99, Seventh International Landfill Symposium. Italy, p 359

  • Zhang C, Wang Y (2009) Removal of dissolved organic matter and phthalic acid esters from landfill leachate through a complexation–flocculation process. Waste Manage 29:110–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang HG, Zhou SQ (2006) Treating leachate mixture with anaerobic ammonium oxidation technology. J Cent South Univ T 13:663–667

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Choi HJ, Huang CP (2005) Optimization of Fenton process for the treatment of landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 125:166–174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao R, Novak JT, Goldsmith CD (2012) Evaluation of on-site biological treatment for landfill leachates and its impact: a size distribution study. Water Res 46:3837–3848

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Z, Zhang H, He PJ, Shao LM, Chen Y, Pang L (2009) Co-removal of phthalic acid esters with dissolved organic matter from landfill leachate by coagulation and flocculation process. Chemosphere 75:180–186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou S, Yao J (2010) Rapid enrichment and acclimation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation by using activated sludge from a landfill leachate treatment plant. J Food Agric Environ 8:1133–1137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zouboulis AI, Jun W, Katsoyiannis IA (2003) Removal of humic acids by flotation. Colloid Surf A-Physicochem Eng Asp 231:181–193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Junling Gao is supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) by a CSC PhD grant. Violet Oloibiri is supported by the Kirdi Institute (Kenya). This work fits within the IWT-Tetra project ANR [80126] and FYBAR [140218], the LED H2O project supported by Vlakwa and the Shaanxi Major projects for Innovative Science and Technology (Grant No. 2011KTZB03-03-01).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Junling Gao

  2. LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium

    Junling Gao, Violet Oloibiri, Michael Chys, Wim Audenaert, Bjorge Decostere & Stijn W. H. Van Hulle

  3. BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Junling Gao, Michael Chys, Wim Audenaert, Bjorge Decostere & Stijn W. H. Van Hulle

  4. School of Human Settlement and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, 710049, China

    Yanling He

  5. Research Group EnVOC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Violet Oloibiri, Herman Van Langenhove & Kristof Demeestere

Authors
  1. Junling Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Violet Oloibiri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michael Chys
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wim Audenaert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Bjorge Decostere
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yanling He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Herman Van Langenhove
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Kristof Demeestere
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Stijn W. H. Van Hulle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stijn W. H. Van Hulle.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gao, J., Oloibiri, V., Chys, M. et al. The present status of landfill leachate treatment and its development trend from a technological point of view. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 14, 93–122 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-014-9349-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-014-9349-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation