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Antioxidant biomedicine: from free radical chemistry to systems biology mechanisms

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Abstract

Natural and synthetic antioxidants are widely used in modern medicine. Some of them proved to be efficient geroprotectors, i.e., they extend the life span of laboratory animals when added to food or drinking water on a regular basis. In vitro, antioxidants inhibit free-radical chain oxidation reactions, resulting in oxidation of fatty acids, edible fats, etc. However, their efficiency as scavengers of oxygen free radicals in cells and tissues is negligible as compared with natural antioxidant enzymes. In vivo, antioxidants decrease the concentration of free radicals but they are not only and not so much direct inhibitors of free radical processes as physiologically active compounds that prevent the formation of oxygen radicals and free radical oxidation. For example, synthetic antioxidant dibunol (BHT) prevents the generation of the O2 - radical as a by-product of mitochondrial electron transport, while flavonoids exert a preventive antioxidant action by inducing the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The endocrine system and regulatory transcription and translation factors play a significant role in the antioxidant therapy. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the "antioxidant prophylaxis" is a task of the molecular systems biology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation

    V. K. Koltover

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  1. V. K. Koltover
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Correspondence to V. K. Koltover.

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Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 37–43, January, 2010.

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Koltover, V.K. Antioxidant biomedicine: from free radical chemistry to systems biology mechanisms. Russ Chem Bull 59, 37–42 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-010-0042-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-010-0042-2

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