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The Physics of Galaxy Cluster Outskirts

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Abstract

As the largest virialized structures in the universe, galaxy clusters continue to grow and accrete matter from the cosmic web. Due to the low gas density in the outskirts of clusters, measurements are very challenging, requiring extremely sensitive telescopes across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Observations using X-rays, the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect, and weak lensing and galaxy distributions from the optical band, have over the last decade helped to unravel this exciting new frontier of cluster astrophysics, where the infall and virialization of matter takes place. Here, we review the current state of the art in our observational and theoretical understanding of cluster outskirts, and discuss future prospects for exploration using newly planned and proposed observatories.

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Notes

  1. A detailed discussion of hydrostatic mass reconstruction techniques and the corresponding systematics and biases is described in another review of this series (Pratt et al.).

  2. http://heat.tsinghua.edu.cn/~hubs/.

  3. http://atlast-telescope.org.

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Acknowledgements

S.W. was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by the Universities Space Research Association through a contract with NASA. A.S. gratefully acknowledges support by the Women In Science Excel (WISE) programme of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). D.N. acknowledges Yale University for granting a triennial leave and the Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik for hospitality when this work was completed. N.O. was supported by the Funds for the Development of Human Resources in Science and Technology under MEXT, Japan and Core Research for Energetic Universe in Hiroshima University (the MEXT program for promoting the enhancement of research universities, Japan). T.M. is supported for scientific activities by ESO’s Directorate for Science. H.A. acknowledges the support of NWO via a Veni grant. S.E. acknowledges financial contribution from the contracts NARO15 ASI-INAF I/037/12/0, ASI 2015-046-R.0 and ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0. SRON is supported financially by NWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Astrophysics Science Division, X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA

    Stephen Walker

  2. SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Aurora Simionescu & Hiroki Akamatsu

  3. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), JAXA, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

    Aurora Simionescu

  4. Department of Physics, Yale University, PO Box 208101, New Haven, CT, USA

    Daisuke Nagai

  5. Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, PO Box 208101, New Haven, CT, USA

    Daisuke Nagai

  6. Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan

    Nobuhiro Okabe

  7. Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Dominique Eckert

  8. European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748, Garching, Germany

    Tony Mroczkowski

  9. Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, INAF, via Pietro Gobetti 93/3, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    Stefano Ettori & Vittorio Ghirardini

  10. INFN, Sezione di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy

    Stefano Ettori

  11. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti, 93/2, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    Vittorio Ghirardini

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Clusters of Galaxies: Physics and Cosmology

Edited by Andrei Bykov, Jelle Kaastra, Marcus Brüggen, Maxim Markevitch, Maurizio Falanga and Frederik Bernard Stefan Paerels

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Walker, S., Simionescu, A., Nagai, D. et al. The Physics of Galaxy Cluster Outskirts. Space Sci Rev 215, 7 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-018-0572-8

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