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An annotated list of species of the Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858 aggregate sensu de Chambrier et al. (2004) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea), parasites of fishes in the Palaearctic Region, their phylogenetic relationships and a key to their identification

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Abstract

A list and key to the identification of valid species of tapeworms of the Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858 aggregate sensu de Chambrier et al. (2004), i.e. species of the genus occurring in fresh- and brackish-water fishes in the Palaearctic Region, are provided, with data on their hosts and geographical distribution. Instead of 32 taxa listed by Schmidt (1986) and subsequent authors, only the following 14 species are considered to be valid: P. ambiguus (Dujardin, 1845) (type-species); P. cernuae (Gmelin, 1790); P. filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802); P. fluviatilis Bangham, 1925; P. gobiorum Dogiel & Bychowsky, 1939; P. longicollis (Zeder, 1800); P. macrocephalus (Creplin, 1825); P. midoriensis Shimazu, 1990; P. percae (Müller, 1780); P. plecoglossi Yamaguti, 1934; P. sagittus (Grimm, 1872); P. tetrastomus (Rudolphi, 1810); P. thymalli (Annenkova-Chlopina, 1923); and P. torulosus (Batsch, 1786). An analysis of sequences of the nuclear genes (ITS2 and V4 region of 18S rDNA) revealed the following phylogenetic relationships for these taxa: P. torulosus ((P. midoriensis, P. sagittus) (P. fluviatilis (P. filicollis, P. gobiorum, P. macrocephalus)) (P. cernuae, P. plecoglossi, P. tetrastomus ((P. longicollis, P. percae) (P. ambiguus, P. thymalli)))). P. pronini Rusinek, 2001 from grayling Thymallus arcticus nigrescens is synonymised with P. thymalli. P. esocis La Rue, 1911 is apparently invalid but its conspecificity with either P. percae or P. longicollis could not be confirmed due to the absence of the scolex in the holotype and the unavailability of other material for morphological and molecular studies. P. osculatus (Goeze, 1782) has recently been transferred to Glanitaenia de Chambrier, Mariaux, Vaucher & Zehnder, 2004. The validity of the genus is supported by the position of G. osculata within the Proteocephalidea, based on molecular data, as well as its morphology and nature of the definitive host (the European wels Silurus glanis). P. hemispherous Rahemo & Al-Niaeemi, 2001, described from S. glanis in Iraq, is transferred to Postgangesia Akhmerov, 1960 as Postgangesia hemispherous (Rahemo & Al-Niaeemi, 2001) n. comb.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to Václav Hypša, Institute of Parasitology, for valuable suggestions and help with the phylogenetic analyses, to Alain de Chambrier, Natural History Museum, Geneva, Switzerland, for helpful remarks on an early draft of the manuscript, to Larisa V. Filimonova and Ekaterina N. Protasova, Parasitological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, for lending material of P. longicollis and P. thymalli, and to Mark J. Grygier, Lake Biwa Museum, Kusatsu, Japan, for providing valuable data on P. midoriensis and P. plecoglossi specimens from Japan deposited in the Lake Biwa Museum. This study was partly supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (project No. 524/04/0342), research projects of the Institute of Parasitology (Z60220518 and LC522) and the Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic (VEGA – project No. 2/44177/04). Samples of P. plecoglossi from Lake Biwa were taken during a short stay of the senior author (TS) in Japan in 2001, supported by Cooperative Research Project K0005, directed by Mark J. Grygier of the Lake Biwa Museum. Finnish material of Proteocephalus tapeworms was taken during a short stay of TS in Finland, supported by the Finnish and Czech Academies of Sciences; fish samples and invaluable help in Finland were provided by E. Tellervo Valtonen, University of Jyväskylä, and Päivi Rintamäki-Kinnunen, University of Oulu, Finland.

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  1. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic

    Tomáš Scholz & Andrea Škeříková

  2. Parasitological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia

    Vladimíra Hanzelová

  3. Nagano Prefectural College, 8-49-7 Miwa, Nagano, 380-8525, Japan

    Takeshi Shimazu

  4. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Gdansk, Al. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland

    Leszek Rolbiecki

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Scholz, T., Hanzelová, V., Škeříková, A. et al. An annotated list of species of the Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858 aggregate sensu de Chambrier et al. (2004) (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea), parasites of fishes in the Palaearctic Region, their phylogenetic relationships and a key to their identification. Syst Parasitol 67, 139–156 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-006-9089-8

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