Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETS): status, results, and challenges

  • Published:
Telecommunication Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recent advances in hardware, software, and communication technologies are enabling the design and implementation of a whole range of different types of networks that are being deployed in various environments. One such network that has received a lot of interest in the last couple of years is the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET). VANET has become an active area of research, standardization, and development because it has tremendous potential to improve vehicle and road safety, traffic efficiency, and convenience as well as comfort to both drivers and passengers. Recent research efforts have placed a strong emphasis on novel VANET design architectures and implementations. A lot of VANET research work have focused on specific areas including routing, broadcasting, Quality of Service (QoS), and security. We survey some of the recent research results in these areas. We present a review of wireless access standards for VANETs, and describe some of the recent VANET trials and deployments in the US, Japan, and the European Union. In addition, we also briefly present some of the simulators currently available to VANET researchers for VANET simulations and we assess their benefits and limitations. Finally, we outline some of the VANET research challenges that still need to be addressed to enable the ubiquitous deployment and widespead adoption of scalable, reliable, robust, and secure VANET architectures, protocols, technologies, and services.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Raya, M., & Hubaux, J. (2005). The security of vehicular ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on security of ad hoc and sensor networks (SASN 2005) (pp. 1–11), Alexandria, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Harsch, C., Festag, A., & Papadimitratos, P. (2007). Secure position-based routing for VANETs. In Proceedings of IEEE 66th vehicular technology conference (VTC-2007), Fall 2007 (pp. 26–30), September 2007.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Gerlach, M. (2006). Full paper: assessing and improving privacy in VANETs. www.network-on-wheels.de/downloads/escar2006gerlach.pdf (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  4. Jinyuan, S., Chi, Z., & Yuguang, F. (2007). An ID-based framework achieving privacy and non-repudiation. In Proceedings of IEEE vehicular ad hoc networks, military communications conference (MILCOM 2007) (pp. 1–7), October 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Stampoulis, A., & Chai, Z. (2007). A survey of security in vehicular networks. http://zoo.cs.yale.edu/~ams257/projects/wireless-survey.pdf (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  6. Balon, N. (2006). Introduction to vehicular ad hoc networks and the broadcast storm problem. http://www.csie.ntpu.edu.tw/~yschen/course/96-2/Wireless/papers/broadcast-5.pdf (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  7. Bickel, G. (2008). Inter/intra-vehicle wireless communication. http://userfs.cec.wustl.edu/~gsb1/index.html#toc (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  8. Standard specification for telecommunications and information exchange between roadside and vehicle systems—5 GHz band dedicated short range communications (DSRC) medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications. ASTM E2213-03, September 2003.

  9. Notice of proposed rulemaking and order FCC 02-302. Federal Communications Commission, November 2002.

  10. Kudoh, Y. (2004). DSRC standards for multiple applications. In Proceedings of 11th world congress on ITS, Nagoya, Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Yin, J., Elbatt, T., & Habermas, S. (2004). Performance evaluation of safety applications over DSRC vehicular ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of VANET’04, Philadelphia, PA, USA, October 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Jiang, D., & Delgrossi, L. (2008). IEEE 802.11p: towards an international standard for wireless access in vehicular environments. In Proceedings of 67th IEEE vehicular technology conference on vehicular technology (pp. 2036–2040), May 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Festag, A. (2009). Global standardization of network and transport protocols for ITS with 5 GHz radio technologies. In Proceedings of the ETSI TC ITS workshop, Sophia Antipolis, France, February 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  14. IEEE Standard 802.11 (2007). IEEE Std. 802.11-2007, Part 11: wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications.

  15. IEEE P802.11p/D3.0, draft amendment for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE), July 2007.

  16. IEEE Standard 1455-1999 (1999). IEEE standard for message sets for vehicle/roadside communications (pp. 1–130).

  17. IEEE Standard 1609.1-2006 (2006). IEEE trial-use standard for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE)—resource manager (pp. 1–63).

  18. IEEE Standard 1609.2-2006 (2006). IEEE trial-use standard for wireless access in vehicular environments—security services for applications and management messages (pp. 1–105).

  19. IEEE Standard 1609.3-2007 (2007). IEEE trial-use standard for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE)—networking services (pp. 1–87).

  20. IEEE Standard 1609.4-2006 (2006). IEEE trial-use standard for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE)—multi-channel operation (pp. 1–74).

  21. IEEE Standard 802.16-2004 (2004). IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks, part 16: air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems.

  22. Harsch, C., Festag, A., & Papadimitratos, P. (2007). Secure position-based routing for VANETs. In Proceedings of IEEE 66th vehicular technology conference, VTC-2007, Fall 2007 (pp. 26–30), Baltimore, September 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sun, S., Kim, J., Jung, Y., & Kim, K. (2009). Zone-based greedy perimeter stateless routing for VANET. In Proceedings of international conference on information networking, ICOIN 2009 (pp. 1–3), January 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Yu, D., & Ko, Y.-B. (2009). FFRDV: fastest-ferry routing in DTN-enabled vehicular ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of 11th international conference on advanced communication technology (Vol. 2, pp. 1410–1414), February 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ali, S., & Bilal, S. (2009). An intelligent routing protocol for VANETs in city environments. In Proceedings of 2nd international conference on computer, control and communication, IC4 2009 (pp. 1–5), February 2009.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Mohandas, B., & Liscano, R. (2008). IP address configuration in VANET using centralized DHCP. In Proceedings of 33rd IEEE conference on local computer networks, Montreal, Canada, October 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Füßler, H., Mauve, M., Hartenstein, H., Käsemann, M., & Vollmer, D. (2002). A comparison of routing strategies for vehicular ad hoc networks (Technical report, TR-02-003). Department of Computer Science, University of Mannheim, July 2002.

  28. Karp, B., & Kung, H. (2000). Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In Proceedings of ACM international conference on mobile computing and networking (MobiCom 2000) (pp. 243–254), Boston, MA, August 2000.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  29. Basagni, S., Chlamtac, I., Syrotiuk, V., & Woodward, B. (1998). A distance routing effect algorithm for mobility (DREAM). In Proceedings of ACM international conference on mobile computing and networking (pp. 76–84), Dallas, TX, October 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Naumov, V., & Gross, T. (2007). Connectivity-aware routing (CAR) in vehicular ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings of 26th IEEE international conference on computer communications, Infocom 2007, Anchorage, Alaska, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Leontiadis, I., & Mascolo, C. (2007). GeOpps: geographical opportunistic routing for vehicular networks. In Proceedings of IEEE international symposium on world of wireless, mobile and multimedia networks (WoWMoM 2007), Helsinki, Finland, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hartenstein, H. (2001). Position-aware ad hoc wireless networks for inter-vehicle communications: the fleetnet project. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking & computing, Long Beach, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Blum, J., & Eskandarian, A. (2006). Fast, robust message forwarding for inter-vehicle communication networks. In Proceedings of IEEE intelligent transportation systems conference (ITSC’06) (pp. 1418–1423).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Yang, K., Ou, S., Chen, H., & He, J. (2007). A multihop peer-communication protocol with fairness guarantee for IEEE 802.16-based vehicular networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 56(6), 3358–3370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Biswas, S., Tatchikou, R., & Dion, F. (2006). Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication protocols for enhancing highway traffic safety. IEEE Communication Magazine, 44(1), 74–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Chen, Y., Lin, Y., & Lee, S. (2010). A mobicast routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. ACM/Springer Mobile Networks and Applications, 15(1), 20–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Chen, Y., Lin, Y., & Lee, S. (2010). A mobicast routing protocol with carry-and-forward for vehicular ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the fifth international conference on communications and networking in China 2010 (CHINACOM 2010), China, Beijing, August 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Zhu, J., & Roy, S. (2003). MAC for dedicated short range communications in intelligent transport systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 41(12), 60–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhao, J., & Cao, G. (2006). VADD: vehicle-assisted data delivery in vehicular ad hoc networks. http://mcn.cse.psu.edu/paper/jizhao/infocom06.pdf (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  40. Perrig, A. et al. (2002). The TESLA broadcast authentication protocol. CryptoBytes, 5(2), 2–13.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Hu, Y.-C., & Laberteaux, K. (2006). Strong security on a budget, Wksp. Embedded Security for Cars, Nov. 2006. Also available at www.crhc.uiuc.edu/~yihchun (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  42. Hartenstein, H., & Laberteaux, K. (2008). A tutorial survey on vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, June, 164–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Raya, M., Papadimitratos, P., & Hubaux, J. (2006). Securing vehicular communications. IEEE Wireless Communications, Special Issue on Inter-Vehicular Communications, 13(5), 8–15.

    Google Scholar 

  44. EUROPA (2010). European road safety charter. http://ec.europa.eu/transport/roadsafety/charter (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  45. IEEE Standard 1609.1-2006 (2006). IEEE trial-use standard for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) (pp. 1–63).

  46. IVI (Intelligent Vehicle Initiative) technology—advanced controls and navigation systems. In Proceedings of society of automotive engineers, SAE world congress, Detroit, USA, 2005.

  47. Shulman, M., & Deering, R. (2007). Vehicle safety communications in the United States. US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration (NHTSA). www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv20/07-0010-O.pdf [accessed: May 29, 2010].

  48. VII (Vehicle Infrastructure Integration) (2009). Proof of concept (Report No. FHWA-JPO-09-003). www.intellidriveusa.org/documents/052009-POC-vehicle-final-report.pdf (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  49. Clarion (2010). www.clarion.com/us/en/tech/index.html (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  50. www.car-to-car.org (accessed May 29, 2010).

  51. Festag, A., Fubler, H., Hartenstein, H., Sarma, A., & Schmitz, R. (2004). FleetNet: bringing car-to-car communication into real world. In Proceedings of 11th world congress on intelligent transportation systems (ITS’04), Nagoya, Japan, October 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Hartenstein, H., Fubler, H., Mauve, M., & Franz, W. (2003). Simulation results and a proof of concept implementation of the FleetNet position-based router. In Proceedings of 8th international conference on personal wireless communications (PWC’03) (pp. 192–197), Venice, Italy, September 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  53. NoW (Network on Wheels) (2008). www.network-on-wheels.de (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  54. Schulze, M., et al. (2008). Integrated projects document 15: final report (PR-04000-IPD-080222-v16_PReVENT_Final_Report_080507.doc). www.prevent-ip.org (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  55. PReVENT (2007). www.prevent-ip.org/en/prevent_subprojects/horizontal_activities/ip_exhibition (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  56. CVIS (Cooperative Vehicles and Infrastructure Systems) (2010). www.cvisproject.org (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  57. Reichardt, D., et al. (2002). CARTALK 2000 safe and comfortable driving based upon inter-vehicle-communication. In Proceedings of IEEE intelligent vehicle symposium (Vol. 2, pp. 17–21), June 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Bergese, C., Braun, A., & Porta, E. (1999). Inside CHAUFFEUR. In Proceedings of 6th ITS world congress, Toronto, Canada, November 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Carlink: Project Consortium (2008). http://carlink.lcc.uma.es/achieve.html (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  60. Tsugawa, S., Kato, S., Tokuda, K., Matsui, T., & Fujii, H. (2000). A cooperative driving system with automated vehicles and inter-vehicle communications in Demo 2000. In Proceedings of IEEE intelligent transportation systems, Dearborn, MI, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Yasuto, K. (2004). DSRC standards for multiple applications, OKI electric industry. In Proceedings of 11th world congress on ITS, Nagoya, Japan, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Wang, J., & Yan, W. (2009). RBM: a role based mobility model for VANET. In Proceedings of international conference on communications and mobile computing (CMC’09) (Vol. 2, pp. 437–443), January 2009.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  63. Liu, B., Khorashadi, B., Du, H., Ghosal, D., Chuah, C., & Zhang, M. (2009). VGSim: an integrated networking and microscopic vehicular mobility simulation platform—[Topics in automotive networking]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47(5), 134–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Fiore, M., Harri, J., Filali, F., & Bonnet, C. (2007). Vehicular mobility simulation for VANETs. In Proceedings of 40th annual simulation, symposium (pp. 301–309), March 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Tuduce, C., & Gross, T. (2005). A mobility model based on WLAN traces and its validation. In Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2005, Miami, March 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Kotz, D., & Henderson, T. (2005). CRAWDAD: a community resource for archiving wireless data at Dartmouth. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 4(4), 12–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Romano, N., & Numamaker, J. (2001). Meeting analysis: findings from research and practice. In Proceedings of the 34th Hawaii international conference on systems science.

    Google Scholar 

  68. UDel models for simulation of urban mobile wireless networks (20010). http://udelmodels.eecis.udel.edu/ (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  69. Yoon, J., Noble, B., Liu, M., & Kim, M. (2006). Building realistic mobility models from coarse-grained traces. In Proceedings of the ACM international conference on mobile systems, applications and services (MobiSys’06) (pp. 177–190).

    Google Scholar 

  70. PTV simulation—VISSIM (2010). www.english.ptv.de/cgi-bin/traffic/traf_vissim.pl (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  71. CORSIM: microscopic traffic simulation model (2010). http://mctrans.ce.ufl.edu/featured/tsis/Version5/corsim.htm (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  72. TRANSIMS (TRansportation ANalysis and SIMulation System) (2010). http://transims.tsasa.lanl.gov (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  73. VanetMobiSim project, home page (2010). http://vanet.eurecom.fr (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  74. www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  75. Sheffer, A., Etzion, M., Rappoport, A., & Bercovier, M. (1999). Hexahedral mesh generation using the embedded Voronoi graph. Engineering with Computers, 15(3), 248–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Fiore, M. (2006). Mobility models in inter-vehicle communications literature (Technical Report). Politecnico di Torino, Italy, November 2006.

  77. AIMSUN User Manual, Version 4.1, TSS-Transportation Simulation System, Barcelona, Spain, 2002.

  78. VISSIM 3.5 User Manual, PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, Germany, 2000.

  79. Boxill, S., & Yu, L. (2000). An evaluation of traffic simulation models for supporting ITS development (Technical Report 167602-1). Texas Southern University, October 2000.

  80. Krauss, S., Wagner, P., & Gawron, C. (1997). Metastable states in a microscopic model of traffic flow. Physical Review E, 55(304), 55–97.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Hartenstein, H., et al. (2003). Simulation results and a proof-of-concept implementation of the FleetNet position-based router. In Proceedings of the eighth international conference on personal wireless communications (PWC’03) (pp. 192–197), Venice, Italy, September 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Karnadi, F., Mo, Z., & Lan, K. (2007). Rapid generation of realistic mobility models for VANET. In Proceedings of the IEEE wireless communication and networking conference (WCNC’07) (pp. 2506–2511), Hong Kong, March 2007.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  83. Traffic and network simulation environment (2010). http://wiki.epfl.ch/trans (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  84. Wang, S., Chou, C., Huang, C., Hwang, C., Yang, Z., Chiou, C., & Lin, C. (2003). The design and implementation of the NCTUns 1.0 network simulator. Computer Networks, 42(2), 175–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. CANU project home page (2010). http://www.ipvs.uni-stuttgart.de/abteilungen/vs/forschung/projekte/Communication_in_Ad-hoc_Networks_for_Ubiquitous_Computing/de (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  86. The network simulator ns-2 (2010). http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  87. Global mobile information systems simulation library. http://pcl.cs.ucla.edu/projects/glomosim (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  88. http://sumo.sourceforge.net (accessed: May 29, 2010).

  89. Wang, S., & Chih-Che, L. (2008). NCTUns 5.0: a network simulator for IEEE 802.11(p) and 1609 wireless vehicular network researches. In Proceedings of IEEE 68th vehicular technology conference (VTC Fall 2008), Calgary, Canada, September 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Harri, J., Filali, F., & Bonnet, C. (2007). Mobility models for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey and taxonomy (Technical Report RR-06-168). Department of Mobile Communications, Institut Eurecom, France, March 2007.

  91. Sun, S., Kim, J., Jung, Y., & Kim, K. (2009). Zone-based greedy perimeter stateless routing for VANET. In Proceedings of international conference on information networking (ICOIN 2009) (pp. 1–3), January 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Luo, P., Huang, H., Shu, W., Li, M., & Wu, M. (2008). Performance evaluation of vehicular dtn routing under realistic mobility models. In Proceedings of IEEE wireless communications and networking conference 2008 (pp. 2206–2211), April 2008.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  93. Chung, S.-E., Yoo, J., & Kim, C.-K. (2009). A cognitive MAC for VANET based on the WAVE systems. In Proceedings of 11th international conference on advanced communication technology (ICACT 2009) (Vol. 1, pp. 41–46), February 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Ali, S., & Bilal, S. (2009). An intelligent routing protocol for VANETs in city environments. In Proceedings of 2nd international conference on computer, control and communication (IC4 2009), Karachi, Pakistan, February 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Okada, H., Takano, A., & Mase, K. (2009). A proposal of link metric for next-hop forwarding methods in vehicular ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of 6th IEEE consumer communications and networking conference 2009, CCNC 2009, Las Vegas, January 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Jerbi, M., Senouci, S.-M., Meraihi, R., & Ghamri-Doudane, Y. (2007). An improved vehicular ad hoc routing protocol for city environments. In Proceedings of IEEE international conference on communication (ICC 2007) (pp. 3972–3979), Glasgow, Scotland.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  97. Verma, M., & Dijiang, H. (2009). SeGCom: secure group communication in VANETs. In Proceedings of 6th IEEE consumer communications and networking conference 2009, CCNC 2009, Las Vegas, January 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Choi, J., & Jung, S. (2009). A security framework with strong non-repudiation and privacy in VANETs. In Proceedings of 6th IEEE consumer communications and networking conference 2009, CCNC 2009, Las Vegas, January 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Wiegel, B., Gunter, Y., & Grossmann, H. (2009). A concept on signalling spacial network conditions to provide quality of service in a VANET. In Proceedings 2nd international conference on signal processing and communication systems (ICSPCS 2008) (pp. 1–10), December 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Boban, M., Misek, G., & Tonguz, O. (2008). What is the best achievable QoS for unicast routing in VANETs? In Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM workshops (pp. 1–10), December 2008.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  101. Ramirez, C., & Veiga, M. (2007). QoS in vehicular and intelligent transport networks using multipath routing. In Proceedings of IEEE international symposium on industrial electronics (ISIE 2007) (pp. 2556–2561), June 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Ciccarese, G., De Blasi, M., Marra, P., Palazzo, C., & Patrono, L. (2009). On the use of control packets for intelligent flooding in VANETs. In Proceedings of IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC 2009) (pp. 1–6), April 2009.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  103. Amoroso, A., Roccetti, M., Nanni, M., & Prati, L. (2009). VANETS without limitations: an optimal distributed algorithm for multi-hop communications. In Proceedings of 6th IEEE consumer communications and networking conference 2009, CCNC 2009, Las Vegas, January 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Yang, L., Guo, J., & Wu, Y. (2009). Piggyback cooperative repetition for reliable broadcasting of safety messages in VANETs. In Proceedings of 6th IEEE consumer communications and networking conference 2009, CCNC 2009, Las Vegas, January 2009.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Network Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of the District of Columbia, 4200, Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC, 20008, USA

    Sherali Zeadally

  2. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Ray Hunt

  3. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, 151, University Rd., San Shia, Taipei County, Taiwan

    Yuh-Shyan Chen

  4. School of Computer and Information Science, University of South Australia, Room F2-22a, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia

    Angela Irwin

  5. School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering, Halmstad University, Kristian IV:s väg 3, 301 18, Halmstad, Sweden

    Aamir Hassan

Authors
  1. Sherali Zeadally
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ray Hunt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yuh-Shyan Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Angela Irwin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Aamir Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sherali Zeadally.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zeadally, S., Hunt, R., Chen, YS. et al. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETS): status, results, and challenges. Telecommun Syst 50, 217–241 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-010-9400-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-010-9400-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation