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Morphological and polyamine content changes in embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus of sugarcane

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Abstract

Differences in competence acquisition and subsequent embryo maturation in embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus of sugarcane var. SP79-1011 were evaluated using histomorphological analysis, growth curves, numbers of somatic embryos, and polyamine contents. Embryogenic callus was formed by cells with embryogenic characteristics such as a rounded shape, prominent nuclei, a high nucleus: cytoplasm ratio, small vacuoles and organized globular structures. However, non-embryogenic callus presented dispersed, elongated and vacuolated cells with a low nucleus: cytoplasm ratio; these characteristics did not allow for the development of somatic embryos even upon exposure to a maturation stimulus. These results suggest that non-embryogenic callus does not acquire embryogenic competence during induction and that maturation treatment is not sufficient to promote somatic embryo differentiation. The use of activated charcoal (AC; 1.5 g L−1) resulted in a higher somatic embryo maturation rate in embryogenic callus but did not yield success in non-embryogenic callus. Embryogenic callus incubated with control (10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and maturation (1.5 g L−1 AC) treatments for 28 days showed similar patterns of total free polyamines; these results differed from the results observed with non-embryogenic callus, suggesting that embryogenic callus already exhibits a characteristic pattern of endogenous polyamine levels. At 28 days of culture with maturation treatment, embryogenic callus exhibited significantly higher levels of free Spm than embryogenic callus incubated with control treatment and non-embryogenic callus incubated with both treatments. This result suggests that Spm could be important for the acquisition of embryogenic competence and somatic embryo maturation in sugarcane var. SP79-1011.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this work was provided by the CNPq (403015/2008-1 and 480142/2010-6) and FAPERJ (E-26/101.513/2010) to VS. AMV thanks CAPES for her fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Biotecnologia (LBT), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense “Darcy Ribeiro” (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil

    Vanildo Silveira, Aline Martins de Vita & Maria Fernanda Ribeiro Dias

  2. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05422-970, Brazil

    Amanda Ferreira Macedo & Eny Iochevet Segal Floh

  3. Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense “Darcy Ribeiro” (UENF), Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil

    Claudete Santa-Catarina

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  1. Vanildo Silveira
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  2. Aline Martins de Vita
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  3. Amanda Ferreira Macedo
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  4. Maria Fernanda Ribeiro Dias
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  5. Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
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Correspondence to Vanildo Silveira.

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11240_2013_330_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Somatic embryo regeneration and plantlet germination during somatic embryogenesis of sugarcane var. SP 79-1011. A somatic embryo obtained from the maturation treatment containing 1.5 g L−1 AC (A), a plantlet regenerated from a somatic embryo in a culture flask containing 20 mL of MS culture medium supplemented with sucrose (20 g L−1) and Phytagel® (2 g L−1) (B). The arrow in (C) indicates plantlet root formation. Bars: A = 0.4 cm, B and C = 2.0 cm. (JPEG 1461 kb)

11240_2013_330_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Histomorphology of sugarcane callus containing portions of embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus. The images show morphology as viewed by light stereoscopy (A), morphology as viewed by scanning electron microscopy (B) and histology as viewed by light microscopy (C). E = embryogenic. NE = non-embryogenic. Bars: A = 3.5 mm; B = 1 mm.; C = 200 μm. (JPEG 3824 kb)

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Silveira, V., de Vita, A.M., Macedo, A.F. et al. Morphological and polyamine content changes in embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus of sugarcane. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 114, 351–364 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-013-0330-2

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