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Comparison of detection procedures of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in lungs, tonsils, and synovial fluid of slaughtered pigs and their distributions in Thailand

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether direct PCR (DP) gave similar results to culture prior to PCR (CPP) for detecting mycoplasmas in different types of pig tissues. A total of 724 samples obtained from lungs, tonsils, or synovial fluids from 270 slaughtered pigs were used. The history of clinical signs, lung score, and the presence of joint lesions were recorded during sample collection. The rates of detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis using both procedures were evaluated. The overall prevalences of M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyosynoviae, and M. hyorhinis were 40.3%, 12.3%, and 64.6%, respectively, and the detection rate depended on the sample type and the procedure used. With lung tissue, DP gave a higher detection rate for M. hyopneumoniae (77.4%) than CPP (38.5%). M. hyorhinis was detected by CPP at 15.6% and 18.1% and by DP at 31.5% and 5.2%, respectively. The positive rate derived from tonsil from CPP was closed to that of DP. Using synovial fluid could not yield any positive M. hyorhinis from CPP whereas 37.2% was positive from DP. In contrast, using sample tissue from lung and tonsil by CPP could show much higher positive number than that of DP. There was a significant relationship between joint lesion and M. hyorhinis detection by DP (P < 0.05) but not for M. hyosynoviae and M. hyorhinis detected by CPP. We speculated that lung was a proper sample for M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis detection by DP and CPP, respectively. Tonsil was likely the community of persistent M. hyosynoviae and M. hyorhinis with highly detection by CPP. Synovial fluid was apparently unsuitable for mycoplasmal culture. The accuracy of mycoplasmal detection may depend upon the type of sample relevant to the detection procedure used.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Professor David Hampson of Murdoch University and Chula Unisearch, Chulalongkorn University, for assistance during preparation of the manuscript. We would also like to thank farm owners and their staff for permission and assistance during sample collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Metta Makhanon & Nuvee Prapasarakul

  2. Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Padet Tummaruk

  3. National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Bangkok, Thailand

    Pacharee Thongkamkoon

  4. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Roongroje Thanawongnuwech

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  1. Metta Makhanon
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  2. Padet Tummaruk
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  3. Pacharee Thongkamkoon
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  4. Roongroje Thanawongnuwech
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  5. Nuvee Prapasarakul
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Correspondence to Nuvee Prapasarakul.

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Makhanon, M., Tummaruk, P., Thongkamkoon, P. et al. Comparison of detection procedures of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and Mycoplasma hyorhinis in lungs, tonsils, and synovial fluid of slaughtered pigs and their distributions in Thailand. Trop Anim Health Prod 44, 313–318 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-0022-z

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