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Near Real-Time Optimization of Multi-Reservoir during Flood Season in the Fengman Basin of China

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Abstract

This study aims to develop a multi-objective optimization model in a multi-reservoir system during flood season using Numerical Weather Predictions (NWPs) outputs (short forecast). The optimization model was coupled with the Water and Energy Budget-based Distributed Hydrological Model that was used to forecast the reservoir inflows. The model was forced by 8-day lead time global deterministic NWPs by Japan Meteorological Agency. The reservoir objective function was established by considering the reservoir and upstream safety, downstream safety and future water use. The model was applied to the Baishan-Fengman multi-reservoir system of Northeast China. The results have demonstrated the model with high efficiency in optimizing reservoir objectives for all of the reservoirs. The sensitivity of the system to lead time and decision time were investigated. With the decreasing of lead time, the dam release peaks decrease and the end water levels increase. This is mainly due to the fact that the model with longer lead time needs to keep storage capacity for detected floods during long lead time period. The variation amplitude of dam releases and water levels decrease with the increasing of decision time due to the smoothing of floods and dam releases during long decision period. The model is easy to operate and is able to be coupled with other hydrological models or earth system models.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the valuable comments and suggestions given by the anonymous reviewers. The authors gratefully acknowledge Kitsuregawa laboratory in Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo for providing JMA NWP data. The reservoir operation data were obtained from Fengman Hydropower Plant and State Grid Xinyuan Baishan Power Plant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique du CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, case courrier 99, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France

    Fuxing Wang

  2. Institute of Water Resources and Flood Control, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

    Fuxing Wang & Xinguo Sun

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan

    Oliver C. Saavedra Valeriano

  4. Energy Resources and Environmental Engineering Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Egypt

    Oliver C. Saavedra Valeriano

Authors
  1. Fuxing Wang
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  2. Oliver C. Saavedra Valeriano
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  3. Xinguo Sun
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fuxing Wang.

Appendix

Appendix

C, α and β :

constants for dynamic penalty function, C = 1, α = 0.5, β = 2.

f fc,r  , f fc,d , f wu :

objective function of reservoir and upstream flood control safety, downstream flood control safety, and future water use.

F :

the sum of objective function and penalty function.

H i,m :

water level during time period i for the m-th reservoir, unit: m.

H T , H target :

end and target reservoir water levels, unit: m.

H lmt :

limited reservoir water level, unit: m.

H dead :

dead reservoir water level, unit: m.

i :

the i-th time step.

k :

optimization algorithm’s current iteration number.

m :

the m-th reservoir.

MROS:

Multi-Reservoir Optimization System.

n :

total reservoir number.

p :

the total number of penalty function for each dam.

P :

dynamic penalty function.

Qin, Qout :

reservoir inflow and outflow, unit: m3/s.

Qloss :

reservoir water leakage, unit: m3/s.

Q min , Q max :

minimum and maximum reservoir release, unit: m3/s.

Q ability :

reservoir release ability, unit: m3/s.

Qinc :

interval coming water amount, unit: m3/s.

Qctl, Qctl max :

simulated and maximum river discharges at control point, unit: m3/s.

Qout init :

simulated dam release at initial, unit: m3/s.

Qout obs,0 :

observed dam release at previous day before optimization begins, unit: m3/s.

T :

total time step, unit: day.

T ld :

lead time.

V i , V i+1 :

initial and final reservoir storage volumes, unit: m3.

V dead , V lmt :

water volumes corresponding to H dead and H lmt  , unit: m3.

ΔQ :

dam release variation amplitude constraint between two time steps.

Δt :

reservoir operation time interval, unit: s.

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Wang, F., Saavedra Valeriano, O.C. & Sun, X. Near Real-Time Optimization of Multi-Reservoir during Flood Season in the Fengman Basin of China. Water Resour Manage 27, 4315–4335 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0410-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0410-4

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