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Effect of Plant Species and Nutrient Loading Rates in Treatment Wetlands for Polluted River Water Under a Subtropical Climate

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Abstract

The performance of 14 large pilot-scale horizontal flow wetlands (~ 60 m2 each) designed to treat polluted river water was tested in a 3-year study at the Chenshan Botanical Garden in Shanghai, China. Five local species, Arundo donax, Cyperus alternifolius, Phragmites australis, Thalia dealbata and Typha orientalis, were planted in monocultures and in a polyculture of Phragmites, Thalia and Typha. Total nitrogen (TN) removal was compared among species and to an unplanted bed. Each bed was replicated once, and the parallel setup received a TN inflow concentration of 16 mg L−1 on average over each summer season, a level twice as high as for the beds receiving unspiked inflow. During the first 2 years of operation, the only significant differences in pollutant removal were between planted and unplanted systems. In the third year, significant differences appeared among planted beds in the high nutrient systems, with Phragmites being the most efficient species in TN removal and Arundo the least, suggesting that greater inflow and more maturity may be needed before differences can be detected. The polyculture was never significantly more efficient than the other planted systems. However, it ranked among the best systems in 2018. Yet, while a greater removal of the polyculture over the average TN removal of all monocultures taken together may develop over time, we found no evidence that the polyculture may get more efficient than the best monoculture. Observation over all phases of plant establishment made it possible to draw conclusions for future design and operation.

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Notes

  1. Search conducted including only research articles on 14 April 2020: “horizontal AND (constructed OR treatment) AND wetland AND comparison AND plant AND China” on Webofknowledge.com (2 results) and Sciencedirect.com (1035 results)

  2. Python Software Foundation ©2001–2015. Python version 2.7.10. http://www.python.org.

  3. Numerical Python Package. © 2005–2016, NumPy Developers. http://www.numpy.org

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Karen Grislis for comments on a previous version of the manuscript and Zhang Guowei for his technical assistance. We are grateful to the Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden for the implementation of the study site.

Funding

This study was financially supported by a grant from the Shanghai Administration Bureau of Landscape and City Appearance (Grant No. G152426) and by the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 19DZ1203403).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IMT Atlantique Bretagne - Pays de la Loire, Department of Energy Systems and Environment, 44307, Nantes, France

    Katharina Tondera

  2. INRAE, REVERSAAL, F-69625, Villeurbanne, France

    Katharina Tondera & Florent Chazarenc

  3. Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Research Center, Shanghai, China

    Kankan Shang, Gilles Vincent & Yonghong Hu

  4. Département de sciences biologiques, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada

    Jacques Brisson

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  1. Katharina Tondera
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  2. Kankan Shang
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  4. Florent Chazarenc
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  5. Yonghong Hu
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Correspondence to Katharina Tondera or Kankan Shang.

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Tondera, K., Shang, K., Vincent, G. et al. Effect of Plant Species and Nutrient Loading Rates in Treatment Wetlands for Polluted River Water Under a Subtropical Climate. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 480 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04830-5

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