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Combining ALOS/PALSAR derived vegetation structure and inundation patterns to characterize major vegetation types in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Central Amazon floodplain, Brazil

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Abstract

Remote sensing studies of vegetation cover and hydrologic dynamics in Amazonian wetlands have been mostly limited temporally or spatially, and the distribution and spatial configuration of Amazonian várzea habitats remains poorly known. This study uses multitemporal PALSAR L-band radar imagery combined with object-based image analysis, data mining techniques and field data to derive vegetation structure and inundation patterns and characterize major vegetation types in várzea forests of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve. Our results show that the combination of vegetation cover and inundation extent information can be a good indicator of the complex gradient of habitats along the floodplain. The intersection between vegetation and flood duration classes showed a wider range of combinations than suggested from field based studies. Chavascal areas—chacaracterized as a dense and species-poor shrub/tree community developing in old depressions, abandoned channels, and shallow lakes—had shorter inundation periods than the usually recognized hydroperiod of 180–240 days of flooding, while low várzea—a diverse community that have fewest and smallest species, and highest individual density and that tolerate 120–180 days of flooding every year—was distributed between flood duration ranges that were higher than reported by the literature. Forest communities growing at sites that were never mapped as flooded could indicate areas that only flood during extreme hydrological events, for short periods of time. Our results emphasize the potential contribution of SAR remote sensing to the monitoring and management of wetland environments, providing not only accurate information on spatial landscape configuration and vegetation distribution, but also important insights on the ecohydrological processes that ultimately determine the distribution of complex floodplain habitat mosaics.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) for the support during this study, and the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (IDSM – OS/MCTI) for the financial support for this research. We also thank João Lanna and Fernanda Paim for sharing the field plot data. Dr. Silva acknowledges postdoctoral funding from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP grant 2010/11269-2). This work has been undertaken within the framework of JAXA’s Kyoto & Carbon Initiative, with ALOS PALSAR data provided by JAXA EORC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Bairro Fonte Boa, Tefé, AM, 69470-000, Brazil

    Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira, Annia Susin Streher, João Valsecchi & Helder Lima Queiroz

  2. Departamento de Geografia, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas de Rio Claro, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Avenida 24-A, 1515 - Jardim Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil

    Thiago Sanna Freire Silva

  3. Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Coordenação Geral de Observação da Terra, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Avenida dos Astrounautas, 1758, Caixa Postal, 515 - Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP, 12200-243, Brazil

    Adriana Gomes Affonso, Luiz Felipe de Almeida Furtado & Evlyn Márcia Leão de Moraes Novo

  4. Coordenação de Dinâmica Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936 – Aleixo, Manaus, AM, 69060-000, Brazil

    Bruce Rider Forsberg

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  1. Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira
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Correspondence to Jefferson Ferreira-Ferreira.

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Ferreira-Ferreira, J., Silva, T.S.F., Streher, A.S. et al. Combining ALOS/PALSAR derived vegetation structure and inundation patterns to characterize major vegetation types in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Central Amazon floodplain, Brazil. Wetlands Ecol Manage 23, 41–59 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-014-9359-1

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