Abstract
Screening soil samples collected from a diverse range of slightly alkaline soil types, we have isolated 22 competent phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Three isolates identified as Pantoea agglomerans strain P5, Microbacterium laevaniformans strain P7 and Pseudomonas putida strain P13 hydrolyzed inorganic and organic phosphate compounds effectively. Bacterial growth rates and phosphate solubilization activities were measured quantitatively under various environmental conditions. In general, a close association was evident between phosphate solubilizing ability and growth rate which is an indicator of active metabolism. All three PSB were able to withstand temperature as high as 42°C, high concentration of NaCl upto 5% and a wide range of initial pH from 5 to 11 while hydrolyzing phosphate compounds actively. Such criteria make these isolates superior candidates for biofertilizers that are capable of utilizing both organic and mineral phosphate substrates to release absorbable phosphate ion for plants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schäffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389–3402. doi:10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
Cole JR, Wang Q, Cardenas E, Fish J, Chai B, Farris RJ, Kulam-Syed-Mohideen AS, McGarrell DM, Marsh T, Garrity GM, Tiedje J (2008) The Ribosomal Database Project: improved alignments and new tools for rRNA analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 37(Database issue):D141–D145. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn879
Fisk CH, Sabbarow Y (1925) A colorimetric determination of phosphate. J Biol Chem 66:375–400
Garcia MC, Diez JA, Vallejo A, Garcia L, Cartagena MC (1997) Effects of applying soluble and coated phosphate fertilizer on phosphate availability in calcareous soils and on P absorpion by a Rye-Grass crop. J Agric Food Chem 45:1931–1936. doi:10.1021/jf960600a
Givskov M, Eberl L, Moller S, Poulsen LK, Molin S (1994) Response to nutrient starvation in Pseudomonas putida KT2442: analysis of general cross-protection cell shape and macromolecular content. J Bacteriol 176:7–14
Hector M, Vicente S, Josep U, Antonio JR, Sonia M (2008) Effect of biocontrol agents Candida sake and Pantoea agglomerans on Penicillium expansum growth and patulin accumulation in apples. Int J Food Microbiol 122:61–67. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.056
Igual JM, Valverde A, Cervantes E, Velazquez E (2001) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria as inoculant for agriculture: use of updated molecular techniques in their study. Agronomie 21:561–568. doi:10.1051/agro:2001145
Illemer P, Schinner F (1995) Solubilization of inorganic calcium phosphate solubilization mechanisms. Soil Biol Biochem 27:257–263. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)00190-C
Illmer P, Barbato A, Schinner F (1995) Solubilization of hardly soluble AlPO4 with P-solubilizing microorganisms. Soil Biol Biochem 27:265–270. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(94)00205-F
Johri JK, Surange S, Natiyal CS (1999) Occurrence of salt pH and temperature-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in alkaline soils. Curr Microbiol 39:89–93. doi:10.1007/s002849900424
Malboobi MA, Behbahani M, Madanin H, Owlia P, Deljou A, Yakhchali B, Moradi M, Hassanabadi H (2009) Performance evaluation of potent phosphate solubilizing bacteria in potato rhizosphere. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. doi:10.1007/s11274-009-0038-y
Morabbi Heravi K, Eftekhar F, Yakhchali B, Tabandeh F (2008) Isolation and identification of a lipase producing Bacillus sp from soil. Pak J Biol Sci 11(5):740–745
Morrissey JP, Dow JM, Mark GL, O’Gara F (2004) Are microbes at the root of a solution to world food production? EMBO Rep 5:922–926. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400263
Nautiyal CS, Bhadauria S, Kumar P, Lal H, Mondal R, Verma D (2000) Stress induced phosphate solubilization in bacteria isolated from alkaline soils. FEMS Microbiol Lett 182:291–296. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb08910.x
Palleroni JN (1984) Pseudomonadacea. In: Kreig NR, Holt Jg (eds) Bergay’s manual systematic bacteriology, Vol 1. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimor, MD
Rao A, Venkateshvarlu B, Kaul P (1982) Isolation of phosphate dissolving soil Actinomycetes. Curr Sci 51:117–118
Rodriguez H, Fraga R (1999) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion. Biotechnol Adv 17:319–339. doi:10.1016/S0734-9750(99)00014-2
Sandra AI, Wright I, Zumoff CH, Schneider L, Beer SV (2001) Pantoea agglomerans strain EH318 produces two antibiotics that inhibit Erwinia amylovora in vitro. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:284–292. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.1.284-292.2001
Sneath PHA (1986) Endospore-forming gram-positive rods and cocci. In: Kreig NR, Holt Jg (eds) Bergay’s Manual Systematic Bacteriology, vol 2. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimor, MD
Somers E, Vanderleyden J (2004) Rhizosphere bacterial signaling: a love parade beneath our feet. Crit Rev Microbiol 30:205–240. doi:10.1080/10408410490468786
Son HJ, Park GT, Cha MS, Heo MS (2006) Solubilization of insoluble inorganic phosphate by a novel salt- and pH-tolerant Pantoea agglomerans R-42 isolated from soybean rhizosphere. Bioresour Technol 97:204–210. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.02.021
Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ (1991) 16S Ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 173:697–703
Acknowledgments
This research was partly supported by a grant from National Research Council of I.R. Iran. We would like to thank Prof. Hani Antoun for his critical revision of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malboobi, M.A., Owlia, P., Behbahani, M. et al. Solubilization of organic and inorganic phosphates by three highly efficient soil bacterial isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25, 1471–1477 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0037-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-009-0037-z