Abstract
In multi-hop wireless networks, transmission control protocol (TCP) suffers from performance deterioration due to poor wireless channel characteristics. Earlier studies have shown that the small TCP acknowledgments consume as much wireless resources as the long TCP data packets. Moreover, generating an acknowledgment (ACK) for each incoming data packet reduces the performance of TCP. The main factor affecting TCP performance in multi-hop wireless networks is the contention and collision between ACK and data packets that share the same path. Thus, lowering the number of ACKs using the delayed acknowledgment option defined in IETF RFC 1122 will improve TCP performance. However, large cumulative ACKs will induce packet loss due to retransmission time-out at the sender side of TCP. Motivated by this understanding, we propose a new TCP receiver with an adaptive delayed ACK strategy to improve TCP performance in multi-hop wireless networks. Extensive simulations have been done to prove and evaluate our strategy over different topologies. The simulation results demonstrate that our strategy can improve TCP performance significantly.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Postel, J. (Ed.). (1981). Transmission control protocol. RFC 793, IETF Network Working Group.
Al Hanbali A., Altman E., Nain P. (2005) A survey of TCP over ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 7(3): 22–36
Fu, Z., Meng, X., & Lu, S. (2002). How bad tcp can perform in mobile ad hoc networks. In Computers and communications, 2002. Proceedings. ISCC 2002. Seventh international symposium on (pp. 298–303).
Fu, Z., Zerfos, P., Luo, H., Lu, S., Zhang, L., & Gerla, M. (2003). The impact of multihop wireless channel on tcp throughput and loss. In INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second annual joint conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications. IEEE Societies, 3 (pp. 1744–1753).
Altman E., Jiménez T. (2003) Novel delayed ack techniques for improving tcp performance in multihop wireless networks. Personal Wireless Communications (PWC03) 3: 237–250
Chen J., Gerla M., Lee Y., Sanadidi M. (2008) TCP with delayed ack for wireless networks. Ad Hoc Networks 6(7): 1098–1116
de Oliveira, R., & Braun, T. (2005). A dynamic adaptive acknowledgment strategy for tcp over multihop wireless networks. In INFOCOM 2005. 24th annual joint conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings IEEE (Vol. 3, pp. 1863–1874).
Chen, B., Marsic, I., & Miller, R. (2008). Issues and improvements in tcp performance over multihop wireless networks. In Sarnoff symposium, 2008 IEEE (pp. 1–5).
Braden, R. (1989). Requirements for internet hosts—communication layers. RFC 1122, IETF Network Working Group.
Holland G., Vaidya N. (2002) Analysis of tcp performance over mobile ad hoc networks. Wireless Network 8: 275–288
Nahm, K., Helmy, A., & Jay Kuo, C. (2005). TCP over multihop 802.11 networks: Issues and performance enhancement. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing (pp. 277–287). ACM.
Armaghani F., Jamuar S., Khatun S., Rasid M. (2011) Performance analysis of tcp with delayed acknowledgments in multi-hop ad-hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communications 56: 791–811
Dyer, T. D., & Boppana, R. V. (2001). A comparison of tcp performance over three routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking & computing, MobiHoc ’01 (pp. 56–66).
Wang X., Han Y., Xu Y. (2009) APS-FeW: Improving TCP throughput over multihop adhoc networks. Computer Communications 32(1): 19–24
Sreekumari P., Chung S. H. (2011) Tcp nce: A unified solution for non-congestion events to improve the performance of tcp over wireless networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2011: 1–20. doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2011-23
Yoon W., Vaidya N. (2010) Routing exploiting multiple heterogeneous wireless interfaces: A tcp performance study. Computer Communications 33(1): 23–34
Hamrioui S., Lalam M. (2011) A new backoff algorithm of mac protocol to improve tcp protocol performance in manet. In: Cherifi H., Zain E., El-Qawasmeh J.M. (eds) Digital information and communication technology and its applications, Communications in Computer and Information Science Vol. 166. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 634–648
Saif, A., Othman, M., Subramaniam, S., & Hamid, N. (2011). An enhanced a-msdu frame aggregation scheme for 802.11n wireless networks. Wireless Personal Communications, (pp. 1–24). doi:10.1007/s11277-011-0358-8.
Al-Jubari A., Othman M., Mohd Ali B., Abdul Hamid N. (2011) Tcp performance in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks: Challenges and solution. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2011: 1–25. doi:10.1186/1687-1499-2011-198
Johnson, S. R. (1995). Increasing tcp throughput by using an extended acknowledgment interval. Master’s thesis. USA: Ohio University.
Allman M. (1998) On the generation and use of tcp acknowledgments. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 28: 4–21
Shi K., Shu Y., Yang O., Wang J., Luo J. (2011) Improving tcp performance for east experimental data in the wireless lans. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 58(4): 1825–1832
Al-Jubari, A. M., & Othman, M. (2010). A new delayed ack strategy for tcp in multi-hop wireless networks. In Proc. Int information technology (ITSim) symposium, in (Vol. 2, pp. 946–951).
Fu Z., Luo H., Zerfos P., Lu S., Zhang L., Gerla M. (2005) The impact of multihop wireless channel on tcp performance. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 4(2): 209–221
Bharghavan V., Demers A., Shenker S., Zhang L. (1994) Macaw: A media access protocol for wireless lan’s. SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 24: 212–225
IEEE-802.11. (1999). wireless lan media access control (mac) and physical layer (phy)specifications. http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802.
Xu K., Gerla M., Bae S. (2003) Effectiveness of rts/cts handshake in ieee 802.11 based ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks 1(1): 107–123
Zhai H., Chen X., & Fang Y. (2004). Alleviating intra-flow and inter-flow contentions for reliable service in mobile ad hoc networks. In Military communications conference, 2004. MILCOM 2004. IEEE (Vol. 3, pp. 1640–1646).
Xu s., Saadawi T. (2001) Does the ieee 802.11 mac protocol work well in multihop wireless ad hoc networks?. IEEE Communications Magazine 39: 130–137
Fall, K., Varadhan, K. (2009). The ns Manual. The VINT Project, UC Berkeley, LBL, USC/ISI, and Xerox PARC. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
Gurtov A., Floyd S. (2004) Modeling wireless links for transport protocols. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 34: 85–96
Jayakumar G., Gopinath G. (2007) Ad hoc mobile wireless networks routing protocols—a review. Computer Science 3: 574–582
Liang B., & Haas Z. (1999) Predictive distance-based mobility management for pcs networks. In Proceedings of the 18th international conference on computer communications, INFOCOM 99, IEEE (pp. 1377–1384).
Bai F., Sadagopan N., & Helmy A. (2003). IMPORTANT: A framework to systematically analyze the impact of mobility on performance of routing protocols for adhoc networks. In Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE international conference on computer communications, INFOCOM 03, IEEE (pp. 825–835). San Franciso, CA, USA.
Bronch, J., Maltz, D., Johnson, D., Hu, Y. -C., & Jetcheva, J. (1998). A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on mobile computing and networking, MobiCom 98, ACM/IEEE (pp. 85–97).
Aschenbruck, N., Ernst, R., Gerhards-Padilla, E., Schwamborn, M. (2010). BonnMotion—a mobility scenario generation and analysis tool. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on simulation tools and techniques. http://net.cs.uni-bonn.de/wg/cs/applications/bonnmotion/.
Cavalcanti E. R., Spohn M. A. (2012) On improving temporal and spatial mobility metrics for wireless ad hoc networks. Information Sciences 188: 182–197
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Jubari, A.M., Othman, M., Mohd Ali, B. et al. An Adaptive Delayed Acknowledgment Strategy to Improve TCP Performance in Multi-hop Wireless Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 69, 307–333 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0575-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0575-9