Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Identification of the Elastic Properties of Isotropic and Orthotropic Thin-Plate Materials with the Pulsed Ultrasonic Polar Scan

  • Published:
Experimental Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Already in the early 1980’s, it has been conjectured that the pulsed ultrasonic polar scan (P-UPS) provides a unique fingerprint of the underlying mechanical elasticity tensor at the insonified material spot. Until now, that premise has not been thoroughly investigated, nor validated, despite the opportunities this would create for NDT and materials science in general. In this paper, we report on the first-ever implementation of an inverse modeling technique on the basis of a genetic optimization scheme in order to extract quantitative information from a P-UPS. We validate the optimization approach for synthetic data, and apply it to experimentally obtained polar scans for annealed aluminum, cold rolled DC-06 steel as well as for carbon fiber reinforced plastics. The investigated samples are plate-like and do not require specific preparation. The inverted material characteristics show good agreement with literature, micro-mechanical models as well as with results obtained through conventional testing procedures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Amenabar M, Mendikute A, López-Arraiza A, Lizaranzu M, Aurrekoetxea J (2011) Comparison and analysis of non-destructive testing techniques suitable for delamination inspection in wind turbine blades. Compos Part B 42:1298–1305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Conrad M, Sayir M (2001) Composite ceramic-metal plates tested with flexural waves and holography. Exp Mech 41:412–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brault R, Germaneau A, Dupre JC, Doumalin P, Mistou S, Fazzini M (2013) In-situ analysis of laminated composite materials by X-ray micro-computed tomography and digital volume correlation. Exp Mech 53:1143–1151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ifju PG, Han B (2010) Recent applications of moire interferometry. Exp Mech 50:1129–1147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Buffiere JY, Maire E, Adrien J, Masse JP, Boller E (2010) In situ experiments with X ray tomography: an attractive tool for experimental mechanics. Exp Mech 50:289–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Maynard J (1996) Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Phys Today 49:26–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Muller M, Sutin A, Guyer R, Talmant M, Laugier P, Johnson PA (2005) Nonlinear resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (NRUS) applied to damage assessment in bone. J Acoust Soc Am 118:3946–3952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ohtani T, Ishii Y (2012) Nonlinear Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NRUS) applied to fatigue damage evaluation in a pure copper. In: Kamakura T, Sugimoto N (eds) Nonlinear acoustics: state-of-the-art and perspectives. American Institute of Physics, Melville, pp 204–207

    Google Scholar 

  9. Solodov I, Bai JX, Busse G (2013) Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy of defects: case study of flat-bottomed holes. J Appl Phys 113:223512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Baudouin S, Hosten B (1996) Immersion ultrasonic method to measure elastic constants and anisotropic attenuation in polymer-matrix and fiber-reinforced composite materials. Ultrasonics 34:379–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Rokhlin SI, Wang W (1992) Double through-transmission bulk wave method for ultrasonic phase-velocity measurement and determination of elastic-constants of composite-materials. J Acoust Soc Am 91:3303–3312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Balasubramaniam K, Rao NS (1998) Inversion of composite material elastic constants from ultrasonic bulk wave phase velocity data using genetic algorithms. Compos B Eng 29:171–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wu TT, Liu YH (1999) On the measurement of anisotropic elastic constants of fiber-reinforced composite plate using ultrasonic bulk wave and laser generated Lamb wave. Ultrasonics 37:405–412

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Vishnuvardhan J, Krishnamurthy CV, Balasubramaniam K (2007) Genetic algorithm reconstruction of orthotropic composite plate elastic constants from a single non-symmetric plane ultrasonic velocity data. Compos B Eng 38:216–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Reddy SSS, Balasubramaniam K, Krishnamurthy CV, Shankar M (2005) Ultrasonic goniometry immersion techniques for the measurement of elastic moduli. Compos Struct 67:3–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Castaings M, Hosten B, Kundu T (2000) Inversion of ultrasonic, plane-wave transmission data in composite plates to infer viscoelastic material properties. NDT E Int 33:377–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Karim MR, Mal AK, Barcohen Y (1990) Inversion of leaky lamb wave data by simplex algorithm. J Acoust Soc Am 88:482–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Cawley P, Hosten B (1997) The use of large ultrasonic transducers to improve transmission coefficient measurements on viscoelastic anisotropic plates. J Acoust Soc Am 101:1373–1379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang L, Yuan FG (2007) Group velocity and characteristic wave curves of lamb waves in composites: modeling and experiments. Compos Sci Technol 67:1370–1384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Vishnuvardhan J, Krishnamurthy CV, Balasubramaniam K (2007) Genetic algorithm based reconstruction of the elastic moduli of orthotropic plates using an ultrasonic guided wave single-transmitter-multiple-receiver SHM array. Smart Mater Struct 16:1639–1650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sale M, Rizzo P, Marzani A (2011) Semi-analytical formulation for the guided waves-based reconstruction of elastic moduli. Mech Syst Signal Process 25:2241–2256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Qu JM, Berthelot Y, Li ZB (1996) Dispersion of guided circumferential waves in a circular annulus

  23. Wilcox PD (1998) Lamb Wave Inspection of Large Structures using Permanently Attached Transducers. Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine (London); PhD Thesis 223

  24. Towfighi S, Kundu T (2003) Elastic wave propagation in anisotropic spherical curved plates. Int J Solids Struct 40:5495–5510

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Vandreumel WHM, Speijer JL (1981) Non-destructive composite laminate characterization by means of ultrasonic polar-scan. Mater Eval 39:922–925

    Google Scholar 

  26. Degrieck J, Declercq NF, Leroy O (2003) Ultrasonic polar scans as a possible means of non-destructive testing and characterisation of composite plates. Insight 45:196–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kersemans M, Van Paepegem WM, Van Den Abeele AK, Pyl L, Zastavnik F, Sol H, Degrieck J (2013) The quasi-harmonic ultrasonic polar scan for material characterization: experiment and numerical modeling. Submitted to Ultrasonics

  28. Declercq NF, Degrieck J, Leroy O (2006) Simulations of harmonic and pulsed ultrasonic polar scans. NDT E Int 39:205–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Satyanarayan L, Vander Weide JM, Declercq NF (2010) Ultrasonic polar scan imaging of damaged fiber reinforced composites. Mater Eval 68:733–739

    Google Scholar 

  30. Kersemans M, De Baere I, Degrieck J, Van Den Abeele K, Pyl L, Zastavnik F, Sol H, Van Paepegem W (2014) Nondestructive damage assessment in fiber reinforced composites with the pulsed ultrasonic polar scan. Polym Test 34:85–96

  31. Kersemans M, Van Paepegem W, Van Den Abeele K, Pyl L, Zastavnik F, Sol H, Degrieck J (2014) The pulsed ultrasonic backscatter polar scan and its applications for NDT and material characterization. Exp Mech. doi:10.1007/s11340-013-9843-1

    Google Scholar 

  32. Degrieck J (1996) Some possibilities of nondestructive characterisation of composite plates by means of ultrasonic polar scans. In: Van Hemelrijck D, Anastassopoulos A (eds) Emerging technologies in nondestructive testing (ETNDT). A.A. Balkema, Patras, pp 225–235

    Google Scholar 

  33. Declercq NF, Degrieck J, Leroy O (2004) On the influence of fatigue on ultrasonic polar scans of fiber reinforced composites. Ultrasonics 42:173–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Declercq NF, Degrieck J, Leroy O (2006) Ultrasonic polar scans: numerical simulation on generally anisotropic media. Ultrasonics 45:32–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kersemans M, Van Den Abeele K, Lammens N, Degrieck J, Zastavnik F, Gu J, Pyl L, Sol H, Van Paepegem W (2013) Determination of the fiber direction and the C-tensor of a UD carbon/epoxy composite by means of the ultrasonic polar scan. In: Siong GW, Piang LS, Cheong KB (eds) Proceedings of the 2013 International Congress on Ultrasonics (ICU 2013), Singapore

  36. Rose JL (1999) Ultrasonic waves in solid media. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  37. Marzani A, De Marchi L (2013) Characterization of the elastic moduli in composite plates via dispersive guided waves data and genetic algorithms. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 24:2135–2147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Wang L, Rokhlin SI (2001) Stable reformulation of transfer matrix method for wave propagation in layered anisotropic media. Ultrasonics 39:413–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Rokhlin SI, Wang L (2002) Ultrasonic waves in layered anisotropic media: characterization of multidirectional composites. Int J Solids Struct 39:5529–5545

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. Wang L, Rokhlin SI (2003) Ultrasonic wave interaction with multidirectional composites: modeling and experiment. J Acoust Soc Am 114:2582–2595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Kersemans M, Van Paepegem W, Van Den Abeele K, Pyl L, Zastavnik F, Sol H, Degrieck J (2013) Pitfalls in the experimental recording of ultrasonic polar scans for composite material characterization. Submitted to Ultrasonics

  42. Kersemans M, Lammens N, Degrieck J, Van Den Abeele K, Pyl L, Zastavnik F, Sol H, Van Paepegem W (2013), Extraction of bulk wave characteristics from a pulsed ultrasonic polar scan. Submitted to Wave Motion

  43. Safaei M (2013) Constitutive modelling of anisotropic sheet metals based on a non-associated flow rule. Ghent University, Faculty of engineering sciences and architecture (Ghent), PhD thesis 246

  44. Lebensohn RA, Tome CN (1993) A self-consistent anisotropic approach for the simulation of plastic-deformation and texture development of polycrystals—application to zirconium alloys. Acta Metall Mater 41:2611–2624

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Sayers CM (1982) Ultrasonic velocities in anisotropic polycrystalline aggregates. J Phys D Appl Phys 15:2157–2167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Soden PD, Hinton MJ, Kaddour AS (1998) Lamina properties, lay-up configurations and loading conditions for a range of fibre-reinforced composite laminates. Compos Sci Technol 58:1011–1022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Degrieck J (1990) Analyse van impact op een vezelversterkte kunststof (In Dutch). Ghent University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, (Ghent), PhD Thesis

  48. Chamis CC (1984) Mechanics of composite materials: past, present and future. In: NASA Technical Memorandum 100793

  49. Puck A (1967) Grundlagen der spannungs und veromungs to analyse. Dopl. ing. Kunstoffe, C57

  50. Foye RL (1966) An evaluation of various engineering estimates of the transverse properties of unidirectional composites. In: Tenth national SAMPE symposium, San Diego, California, pp 31

  51. Daggumati S (2011) Concurrent Modelling and Experimental Analysis of Meso-Scale Strain Fields and Damage in Woven Composites under Static and Fatigue Tensile Loading. Ghent University, Faculty of engineering sciences and architecture (Ghent), PhD thesis

Download references

Acknowledgments

Mathias Kersemans acknowledges funding of the FWO-Vlaanderen through grant G012010N.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 903, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium

    M. Kersemans, N. Lammens, J. Degrieck & W. Van Paepegem

  2. Department of Physics, Catholic University of Leuven, Campus Kortrijk - KULAK, Etienne Sabbelaan 52, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium

    A. Martens & K. Van Den Abeele

  3. Department Mechanics of Materials and Construction, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    F. Zastavnik, L. Pyl & H. Sol

Authors
  1. M. Kersemans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. Martens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. Lammens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. Van Den Abeele
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. Degrieck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. F. Zastavnik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. L. Pyl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. H. Sol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. W. Van Paepegem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Kersemans.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kersemans, M., Martens, A., Lammens, N. et al. Identification of the Elastic Properties of Isotropic and Orthotropic Thin-Plate Materials with the Pulsed Ultrasonic Polar Scan. Exp Mech 54, 1121–1132 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-014-9861-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-014-9861-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation