Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dynamic Fracture Test of Laurentian Granite Subjected to Hydrostatic Pressure

  • Brief Technical Note
  • Published:
Experimental Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Dynamic fracture failure of rocks subjected to static hydrostatic pressure is commonly encountered in deep underground rock engineering. The static fracture behavior of rocks under hydrostatic stress has been well studied in the literature. However, it is desirable to investigate the dynamic fracture failure of rocks under various hydrostatic pressures. In this study, a triaxial split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system is used to measure the dynamic fracture toughness of rocks under five hydrostatic pressures. The results show that dynamic fracture toughness under a certain hydrostatic pressure enhances with the increase of the loading rate, and the dynamic fracture toughness at the similar loading rate increases with the hydrostatic pressure due to the closure of microcracks in rocks. An empirical formula is proposed to describe the influences of the loading rate and the hydrostatic pressure on the rock dynamic fracture toughness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

References

  1. Schmidt RA, Huddle CW (1977) Effect of confining pressure on fracture toughness of Indiana limestone. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abst 14(5):289–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(77)90740-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Thiercelin M (1987) Fracture toughness under confining pressure using the modified ting test. Paper presented at the 28th U.S. Symposium on rock mechanics (USRMS), Tucson, Arizona, 29 June - 1 July 1987

  3. Al-Shayea NA, Khan K, Abduljauwad SN (2000) Effects of confining pressure and temperature on mixed-mode (I–II) fracture toughness of a limestone rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 37(4):629–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00003-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Backers T, Stephansson O, Rybacki E (2002) Rock fracture toughness testing in mode II—punch-through shear test. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 39(6):755–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00066-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Al-Shayea N (2002) Comparing reservoir and outcrop specimens for mixed mode I–II fracture toughness of a limestone rock formation at various conditions. Rock Mech Rock Eng 35(4):271–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-002-0027-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ko TY, Kemeny J (2007) Effect of confining stress and loading rate on fracture toughness of rocks. Paper presented at the 1st Canada - U.S. rock mechanics symposium, Vancouver, Canada, 27-31 May 2007

  7. Kataoka M, Mahdavi E, Funatsu T, Takehara T, Obara Y, Fukui K, Hashiba K (2017) Estimation of mode I fracture toughness of rock by semi-circular bend test under confining pressure condition. Paper presented at the ISRM European Rock Mechanics Symposium - EUROCK 2017, Ostrava, Czech Republic, 20-22 June 2017

  8. Hashida T, Oghikubo H, Takahashi H, Shoji T (1993) Numerical simulation with experimental verification of the fracture behavior in granite under confining pressures based on the tension-softening model. Int J Fract 59(1):227–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00012363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sato K, Hashida T (2006) Cohesive crack analysis of toughness increase due to confining pressure. Pure Appl Geophys 163(5):1059–1072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-006-0060-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhao G, Kazerani T, Man K, Gao M, Zhao J (2015) Numerical study of the semi-circular bend dynamic fracture toughness test using discrete element models. Sci China Tech Sci 58(9):1587–1595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-015-5887-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Xu Y, Dai F, Xu NW, Zhao T (2016) Numerical investigation of dynamic rock fracture toughness determination using a semi-circular bend specimen in Split Hopkinson pressure Bar testing. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(3):731–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0787-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Xia K, Yao W (2015) Dynamic rock tests using split Hopkinson (Kolsky) bar system – a review. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 7(1):27–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2014.07.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Dai F, Huang S, Xia K, Tan Z (2010) Some fundamental issues in dynamic compression and tension tests of rocks using split Hopkinson pressure bar. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43(6):657–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-010-0091-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Nasseri MHB, Mohanty B (2008) Fracture toughness anisotropy in granitic rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 45(2):167–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.04.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Xia K, Yao W, Wu B (2017) Dynamic rock tensile strengths of Laurentian granite: experimental observation and micromechanical model. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 9(1):116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2016.08.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen R, Li K, Xia K, Lin Y, Yao W, Lu F (2016) Dynamic fracture properties of rocks subjected to static pre-load using notched semi-circular bend method. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(10):3865–3872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0958-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17.  Zhou YX, Xia K, Li XB, Li HB, Ma GW, Zhao J, Zhou ZL, Dai F (2012) Suggested methods for determining the dynamic strength parameters and mode-I fracture toughness of rock materials. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 49:105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.10.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wu BB, Yao W, Xia KW (2016) An experimental study of dynamic tensile failure of rocks subjected to hydrostatic confinement. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(10):3855–3864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-0946-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wu B, Chen R, Xia K (2015) Dynamic tensile failure of rocks under static pre-tension. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 80:12–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tatone BSA, Grasselli G (2015) Characterization of the effect of normal load on the discontinuity morphology in direct shear specimens using X-ray micro-CT. Acta Geotech 10(1):31–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-014-0320-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yin T, Li X, Xia K, Huang S (2012) Effect of thermal treatment on the dynamic fracture toughness of Laurentian granite. Rock Mech Rock Eng 45(6):1087–1094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-012-0240-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Yao W, Xu Y, Yu C, Xia K (2017) A dynamic punch-through shear method for determining dynamic mode II fracture toughness of rocks. Eng Fract Mech 176:161–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.03.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Dai F, Chen R, Xia K (2010) A semi-circular bend technique for determining dynamic fracture toughness. Exp Mech 50(6):783–791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-009-9273-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chen R, Xia K, Dai F, Lu F, Luo SN (2009) Determination of dynamic fracture parameters using a semi-circular bend technique in split Hopkinson pressure bar testing. Eng Fract Mech 76(9):1268–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through the Discovery Grant # 72031326. This work was supported by Mitacs through the Mitacs Accelerate program. Shengwei Li and Zhili Tang helped conduct the experiments. Qi Zhao at University of Toronto helped conduct the CT scanning.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada

    W. Yao, K. Xia & T. Zhang

Authors
  1. W. Yao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Xia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Xia.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yao, W., Xia, K. & Zhang, T. Dynamic Fracture Test of Laurentian Granite Subjected to Hydrostatic Pressure. Exp Mech 59, 245–250 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-018-00437-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-018-00437-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation