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Quantitative In Situ Studies of Dynamic Fracture in Brittle Solids Using Dynamic X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging

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Abstract

We demonstrate the use of X-ray phase contrast imaging with sub-microsecond temporal resolution to obtain quantitative visualization of dynamic fracture processes in brittle solids. We examine an amorphous solid (fused silica), a ceramic single crystal (single-crystal quartz), and a polycrystalline ceramic (boron carbide), in the form of single-edge notched specimens loaded using a three-point apparatus at nominal strain rates up to \(\sim \)800 s−1. We observe that the crack tip speed for boron carbide is relatively independent of mode I stress intensity factor rate (\(\dot {K}_{\mathrm {I}}\)) for these rates of loading, while that of fused silica and single-crystal quartz increases with \(\dot {K}_{\mathrm {I}}\). Further, for the amorphous and single crystal cases, we observe the development of a crack tip instability in the form of crack branching as the crack tip speed approaches 45% of the Rayleigh wave speed. This suggests that strain-rate-dependent mechanisms contribute to crack branching. Such mechanisms may, in turn, affect the macroscopic fracture properties of these materials.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge Seyed Koohpayeh for use of a Laue X-ray diffractometer; Brian Schuster for the loan of the high-speed camera; Alex Deriy for technical support of the experiments at APS; Eliara Torres da Costa and Chris Meredith for assistance with data collection at APS; and D. Mallick for proofreading an early draft of the paper.

This work was supported (in part) by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award # HDTRA1-15-1-0056, to Johns Hopkins University; and (in part) by the Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement No. W911NF-12-2-0022. The content, views, and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official positions or policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, the Army Research Laboratory, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein.

This publication is based upon work performed at the Dynamic Compression Sector, which is operated by Washington State University under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration award no. DE-NA0002442. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles St., Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    A. F. T. Leong, P. K. Lambert, C. J. Hustedt & T. C. Hufnagel

  2. Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles St., Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    A. F. T. Leong, K. T. Ramesh & T. C. Hufnagel

  3. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA

    A. K. Robinson

  4. Sector 32, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave., Lemont, IL, 60439, USA

    K. Fezzaa & T. Sun

  5. Dynamic Compression Sector, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave., Lemont, IL, 60439, USA

    N. Sinclair

  6. Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Adelphi, MD, 21005, USA

    D. T. Casem

  7. Theoretical Division, T3 Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Mailstop B216, Los Alamos, NM, 84545, USA

    N. P. Daphalapurkar

  8. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles St., Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA

    K. T. Ramesh

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Leong, A.F.T., Robinson, A.K., Fezzaa, K. et al. Quantitative In Situ Studies of Dynamic Fracture in Brittle Solids Using Dynamic X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging. Exp Mech 58, 1423–1437 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-018-0414-3

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