Abstract
Quinestrol has shown potential for use in the fertility control of the plateau pika population of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. However, the environmental safety and fate of this compound are still obscure. Our study investigated degradation of quinestrol in a local soil and aquatic system for the first time. The results indicate that the degradation of quinestrol follows first-order kinetics in both soil and water, with a dissipation half-life of approximately 16.0 days in local soil. Microbial activity heavily influenced the degradation of quinestrol, with 41.2 % removal in non-sterile soil comparing to 4.8 % removal in sterile soil after incubation of 10 days. The half-lives in neutral water (pH 7.4) were 0.75 h when exposed to UV light (λ = 365 nm) whereas they became 2.63 h when exposed to visible light (λ > 400 nm). Acidic conditions facilitated quinestrol degradation in water with shorter half-lives of 1.04 and 1.47 h in pH 4.0 and pH 5.0 solutions, respectively. Moreover, both the soil and water treatment systems efficiently eliminated the estrogenic activity of quinestrol. Results presented herein clarify the complete degradation of quinestrol in a relatively short time. The ecological and environmental safety of this compound needs further investigation.
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This study was financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB109100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071314), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (2013T60599).
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Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Liu, W. et al. Degradation of the potential rodent contraceptive quinestrol and elimination of its estrogenic activity in soil and water. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 652–659 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1941-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1941-1