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Phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil, water and atmosphere using ornamental plants: mechanisms and efficiency improvement strategies

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Abstract

Accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in soil, water and air is one of the major environmental concerns worldwide, which mainly occurs due to anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, urbanization, and mining. Conventional remediation strategies involving physical or chemical techniques are not cost-effective and/or eco-friendly, reinforcing the necessity for development of novel approaches. Phytoextraction has attracted considerable attention over the past decades and generally refers to use of plants for cleaning up environmental pollutants such as HMs. Compared to other plant types such as edible crops and medicinal plants, ornamental plants (OPs) seem to be a more viable option as they offer several advantages including cleaning up the HMs pollution, beautification of the environment, by-product generation and related economic benefits, and not generally being involved in the food/feed chain or other direct human applications. Phytoextraction ability of OPs involve diverse detoxification pathways such as enzymatic and non-enzymatic (secondary metabolites) antioxidative responses, distribution and deposition of HMs in the cell walls, vacuoles and metabolically inactive tissues, and chelation of HMs by a ligand such as phytochelatins followed by the sequestration of the metal–ligand complex into the vacuoles. The phytoextraction efficiency of OPs can be improved through chemical, microbial, soil amending, and genetic approaches, which primarily target bioavailability, uptake, and sequestration of HMs. In this review, we explore the phytoextraction potential of OPs for remediation of HMs-polluted environments, underpinning mechanisms, efficiency improvement strategies, and highlight the potential future research directions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Behnam Asgari Lajayer & Mohammad Reza Maghsoodi

  2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

    Nader Khadem Moghadam

  3. Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran

    Mansour Ghorbanpour

  4. School of Agriculture and Environment M087, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Khalil Kariman

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  1. Behnam Asgari Lajayer
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  2. Nader Khadem Moghadam
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  3. Mohammad Reza Maghsoodi
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  4. Mansour Ghorbanpour
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Correspondence to Mansour Ghorbanpour.

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Asgari Lajayer, B., Khadem Moghadam, N., Maghsoodi, M.R. et al. Phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil, water and atmosphere using ornamental plants: mechanisms and efficiency improvement strategies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 8468–8484 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04241-y

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