Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A comprehensive study on emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with nanoparticle-blended biodiesel

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present work is aimed to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of mahua biodiesel-fueled diesel engine with copper oxide nanoparticle at various particle sizes (10 and 20 nm) and the results compared with conventional diesel fuel (BD). Experiments were conducted in a four-stroke, single-cylinder, constant speed, and naturally aspirated research diesel engine with an eddy current dynamometer. Conventional transesterification process is carried out to convert the raw mahua oil into mahua oil biodiesel (BD100). Copper oxide (CuO) was chosen as a nanoparticle; the mass fraction of 100 ppm and the particle sizes of 10 and 20 nm were blended with mahua oil methyl ester using an ultrasonicator, and the physicochemical properties were measured. The physicochemical properties of BD100 and nanoparticle-included BD100 are at par with EN14214 limits. Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of BD100 is higher than that of diesel, and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is lower than that of diesel (D100). The inclusion of 10-nm particle size of CuO nanoparticle in BD100 improves the BSFC and BTE by 1.3 and 0.7%, respectively, when compared with BD100. The CuO nanoparticle inclusion at 20-nm nanoparticle in biodiesel further improves the performance parameters than those at 10-nm nanoparticle. Further, the BD100 promotes a lower level of smoke emissions, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbon (HC) and with a prominent increase in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. The inclusion of 10-nm particle size of CuO nanoparticle in BD100 reduces the NOx, HC, CO, and smoke emission by 3.9, 5.6, 4.9, and 2.8%, respectively, at peak load condition when compared with BD100. The addition of CuO nanoparticle at 20-nm nanoparticle in biodiesel further reduces the NOx, HC, CO, and smoke emissions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ASTM:

American Society for Testing Materials

BD100:

neat biodiesel

BD100CuO10:

100% of biodiesel + 100 ppm of CuO nanoparticle having 10-nm particle size

BD100CuO20:

100% of biodiesel + 100 ppm of CuO nanoparticle having 20-nm particle size

BSCO:

brake-specific carbon monoxide

BSNOx :

brake-specific oxides of nitrogen emission

BSFC:

brake-specific fuel consumption

BSHC:

brake-specific unburned hydrocarbon

BTE:

brake thermal efficiency

CO:

carbon monoxide

DI:

direct injection

IMEP:

indicated mean effective pressure

NOx :

oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

References

  • Afshari F, Afshari H, Afshari F, Ghasemi Zavaragh H (2017) The effects of nanofilter and nanoclay on reducing pollutant emissions from rapeseed biodiesel in a diesel engine. Waste and Biomass Valorization 9:1655–1667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9913-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alagu K, Nagappan B, Jayaraman J, Arul Gnana Dhas A (2018) Impact of antioxidant additives on the performance and emission characteristics of C. I engine fuelled with B20 blend of rice bran biodiesel. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(18):17634–17644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1934-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anbarasu A, Karthikeyan A, Balaji M (2015) Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using alumina nanoparticle blended biodiesel emulsion fuel. J Energy Resour Technol 138(2):022203. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4031834

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appavu P (2018) Effect of injection timing on performance and emission characteristics of palm biodiesel and diesel blends. Journal of Oil Palm Research. https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2018.0057

  • Appavu P, Venkata Ramanan M (2018) Study of emission characteristics of a diesel engine using cerium oxide nanoparticle blended pongamia methyl ester. Int J Ambient Energy, pp 1–4. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2018.1477063

  • Arul Gnana Dhas A, Devarajan Y, Nagappan B (2018) Analysis of emission reduction in ethyne–biodiesel-aspirated diesel engine. International Journal of Green Energy 15(7):436–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2018.1473774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arulprakasajothi M, Elangovan K, Hema Chandra Reddy K, Suresh S (2015) Experimental investigation on heat transfer effect of conical strip inserts in a circular tube under laminar flow. Frontiers Energy 10(2):136–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-015-0389-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arulprakasajothi M, Elangovan K, Chandrasekhar U, Suresh S (2018) Experimental studies of water- based titanium oxide nanofluid in a circular pipe under transition flow with conical strip inserts. Heat Transfer Research 49(5):439–456. https://doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.2018015783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balan KN, Yashvanth U, Booma Devi P, Arvind T, Nelson H, Devarajan Y (2018) Investigation on emission characteristics of alcohol biodiesel blended diesel engine. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1549166

  • Bragadeshwaran A, Kasianantham N, Ballusamy S, Tarun KR, Dharmaraj AP, Kaisan MU (2018) Experimental study of methyl tert-butyl ether as an oxygenated additive in diesel and Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester blended fuel in CI engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(33):33573–33590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3318-y

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choubey G, Pandey KM (2017a) Numerical studies on the performance of scramjet combustor with alternating wedge-shaped strut injector. International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 34(1):11–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choubey G, Pandey KM (2017b) Effect of different strut + wall injection techniques on the performance of two-strut scramjet combustor. Int J Hydrog Energy 42(18):13259–13275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choubey G, Pandey KM (2018a) Effect of variation of inlet boundary conditions on the combustion flow-field of a typical double cavity scramjet combustor. Int J Hydrog Energy 43(16):8139–8151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choubey G, Pandey KM (2018b) Effect of different wall injection schemes on the flow-field of hydrogen fuelled strut-based scramjet combustor. Acta Astronaut 145:93–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choubey G, Pandey KM (2018c) Effect of parametric variation of strut layout and position on the performance of a typical Two-strut based scramjet combustor. Int J Hydrog Energy 42(15):10485–10500

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen K, Raman DR, Hu G, Anex R (2018) First-order estimates of the costs, input-output energy analysis, and energy returns on investment of conventional and emerging biofuels feedstocks. Biofuel Research Journal 5(4):894–899

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Debbarma S, Misra RD (2018) Effects of iron nanoparticle fuel additive on the performance and exhaust emissions of a compression ignition engine fueled with diesel and biodiesel. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 10(4):041002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038708

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Munuswamy DB (2016) Analysis on the influence of nanoparticles of alumina, copper oxide, and zirconium oxide on the performance of a flat-plate solar water heater. Energy Fuel 30(11):9908–9913. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Jayabal R k, Ragupathy D, Venu H (2016) Emissions analysis on second generation biodiesel. Front Environ Sci Eng 11(1):3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0891-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Venkata Ramanan M (2016) Investigation on effect of magnetite nanofluid on performance and emission patterns of methyl esters of bio diesel. J Environ Eng Landsc Manag 24(2):90–96. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1142447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Madhavan VR (2017) Emission analysis on the influence of ferrofluid on rice bran biodiesel. J Chil Chem Soc 62(4):3703–3707. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-97072017000403703

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Munuswamy D, Nagappan B (2017a) Emissions analysis on diesel engine fuelled with cashew nut shell biodiesel and pentanol blends. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(14):13136–13141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Munuswamy DB, Mahalingam A (2017b) Performance, combustion and emission analysis on the effect of ferrofluid on neat biodiesel. Process Saf Environ Prot 111:283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.07.021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Nagappan BK, Munuswamy DB (2017c) Performance and emissions analysis on diesel engine fuelled with cashew nut shell biodiesel and pentanol blends. Korean J Chem Eng 34(4):1021–1026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0364-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Munuswamy DB, Nagappan B, Pandian AK (2017d) Performance, combustion and emission analysis of mustard oil biodiesel and octanol blends in ediesel engine. Heat Mass Transf 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2274-x

  • Devarajan Y (2018) Experimental evaluation of combustion, emission and performance of research diesel engine fuelled Di-methyl-carbonate and biodiesel blends. Atmos Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2018.12.007

  • Devarajan Y, Mahalingam A, Munuswamy DB, Arunkumar T (2018a) Combustion, performance, and emission study of a research diesel engine fueled with palm oil biodiesel and its additive. Energy Fuel 32:8447–8452. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Munuswamy DB, Mahalingam A (2018b) Influence of nano-additive on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on neat neem oil biodiesel. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:26167–26172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2618-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Devarajan Y, Munuswamy DB, Mahalingam A (2018c) Investigation on behavior of diesel engine performance, emission, and combustion characteristics using nano-additive in neat biodiesel. Heat Mass Transf. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-02537-2

  • Dhinesh B, Niruban Bharathi R, Isaac JoshuaRamesh Lalvani J, Parthasarathy M, Annamalai K (2017) An experimental analysis on the influence of fuel borne additives on the single cylinder diesel engine powered by Cymbopogon flexuosus biofuel. J Energy Inst 90(4):634–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2016.04.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganesan S, Devaraj A, Devarajan Y (2018) Emission characteristics on single cylinder diesel engine using biofuels. Int J Ambient Energy 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2018.1517694

  • Gumus S, Ozcan H, Ozbey M, Topaloglu B (2016) Aluminum oxide and copper oxide nano diesel fuel properties and usage in a compression ignition engine. Fuel 163:80–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoseini SS, Najafi G, Ghobadian B, Mamat R, Ebadi MT, Yusaf T (2018) Novel environmentally friendly fuel: the effects of nanographene oxide additives on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with Aianthus altissima biodiesel. Renew Energy 125:283–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joy N, Yuvarajan D, Beemkumar N (2019) Performance evaluation and emission characteristics of biodiesel-ignition enhancer blends propelled in a research diesel engine. International Journal of Green Energy:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2018.1561455

  • Justin Abraham Baby S, Suresh Babu S, Devarajan Y (2018) Performance study of neat biodiesel-gas fuelled diesel engine. Int J Ambient Energy 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2018.1542625

  • Karthikeyan S, Elango A, Prathima A (2014) Diesel engine performance and emission analysis using canola oil methyl ester with nanosized zinc oxide particles. Indian Journal of Engineering Material Science 21(2):83–87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kishore Pandian A, Munuswamy DB, Radhakrishana S, Bathey Ramakrishnan RB, Nagappan B (2017) Influence of an oxygenated additive on emission of an engine fueled with neat biodiesel. Pet Sci 14(4):791–797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-017-0186-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lenin MA, Swaminathan MR, Kumaresan G (2013) Performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine with a nanofuel additive. Fuel 109:362–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahalingam A, Devarajan Y, Radhakrishnan S, Vellaiyan S, Nagappan B (2017) Emissions analysis on mahua oil biodiesel and higher alcohol blends in diesel engine. Alex Eng J. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.07.009

  • Mahalingam A (2018) Investigation on the emission reduction technique in acetone-biodiesel aspirated diesel engine. Journal of Oil Palm Research. https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2018.0020

  • Mahalingam A, Munuswamy DB, Devarajan Y, Radhakrishnan S (2018) Emission and performance analysis on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation in alcohol-biodiesel aspirated research diesel engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:12641–12647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1522-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mintsa HA, Roy G, Nguyen CT, Doucet D (2009a) New temperature dependent thermal conductivity data for water-based nanofluids. Int J Therm Sci 48(2):363–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.03.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mintsa HA, Roy G, Nguyen CT, Doucet D (2009b) New temperature dependent thermalconductivity data for water-based nanofluids. Int J Therm Sci 48(2):363–371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nizami AS, Rehan M (2018) Towards nanotechnology-based biofuel industry. Biofuel Research Journal 5(2):798–799

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandian AK, Ramakrishnan RBB, Devarajan Y (2017) Emission analysis on the effect of nanoparticles on neat biodiesel in unmodified diesel engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2429:23273–23278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandian AK, Munuswamy DB, Radhakrishanan S, Ramakrishnan RBB, Nagappan B (2018) Emission and performance analysis of a diesel engine burning cashew nut shell oil bio diesel mixed with hexanol. Pet Sci 15:176–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-017-0208-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radhakrishnan S (2017) Emissions analysis on diesel engine fueled with palm oil biodiesel and pentanol blends. Journal of Oil Palm Research:380–386. https://doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2017.2903.11

  • Radhakrishnan S, Munuswamy DB, Mahalingam A (2018a) Performance, emission and combustion study on neat biodiesel and water blends fuelled research diesel engine. Heat Mass Transf. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-018-2509-x

  • Radhakrishnan S, Munuswamy DB, Mahalingam A (2018b) Effect of nanoparticle on emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with cashew nut shell biodiesel. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 40:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1502848

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rathinam S, Justin Abraham Baby S, Arunkumar T (2018) Influence of water on exhaust emissions on unmodified diesel engine propelled with biodiesel. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 40:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1503756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravikumar J, Saravanan S (2016) Performance and emission analysis on blends of diesel, restaurant yellow grease and n-pentanol in direct-injection diesel engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24(6):5381–5390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8298-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen MA (2018) Environmental sustainability tools in the biofuel industry. Biofuel Research Journal 5(1):751–752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena V, Kumar N, Saxena VK (2017a) A comprehensive review on combustion and stability aspects of metal nanoparticles and its additive effect on diesel and biodiesel fuelled CI engine. Renew Sust Energ Rev 70:563–588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena V, Kumar N, Saxena VK (2017b) A comprehensive review on combustion and stability aspects of metal nanoparticles and its additive effect on diesel and biodiesel fuelled C.I. engine. Renew Sust Energ Rev 70:563–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.067

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selavan VAM, Anand RB (2014) Effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes as fuel-born additives in diestrol blends on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine. Fuel 130:160–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Senthilkumar G, Sajin JB, Arunkumar T (2018) Evaluation of emission, performance and combustion characteristics of dual fuelled research diesel engine. Environ Technol:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2018.1509888

  • Shaafi T, Velraj R (2015) Influence of alumina nanoparticles, ethanol and isopropanol blend as additive with diesel-soybean biodiesel blend fuel: combustion, engine performance and emissions. Renew Energy 80:655–663

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sierra MJ, Katherine Tamayo AP, Ojeda HA, Sanchez EL (2018) Environmental assessment of biodiesel improved with nanoparticles. Contemporary Engineering Sciences 11(11):507–514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siva R, Munuswamy DB, Devarajan Y (2018) Emission and performance study emulsified orange peel oil biodiesel in an aspirated research engine. Pet Sci 16:180–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-018-0288-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soudagar MEM, Nik-Ghazali N-N, Abul Kalam M, Badruddin IA, Banapurmath NR, Akram N (2018) The effect of nano-additives in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends: a comprehensive review on stability, engine performance and emission characteristics. Energy Convers Manag 178:146–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.10.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sudalaimuthu G, Rathinam S, Munuswamy DB, Thirugnanasambandam A (2018) Testing and evaluation of performance and emissions characteristics of water-biodiesel aspirated research engine. J Test Eval 48(5):20180306. https://doi.org/10.1520/jte20180306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vellaiyan S, Amirthagadeswaran KS (2016) Zinc oxide incorporated water-in-diesel emulsion fuel—formulation, particle size measurement and emission characteristics assessment. Pet Sci Technol 34(2):114–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vellaiyan S, Amirthagadeswaran KS (2017) Emission characteristics of water-emulsified diesel fuel at optimized engine operation condition. Pet Sci Technol 35(13):1355–1363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vellaiyan S, Partheeban CMA (2018) Emission analysis of diesel engine fueled with soybean biodiesel and its water blends. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 40(16):1956–1965. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1489911

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vellaiyan S, Subbiah A, Chockalingam P (2018a) Combustion, performance, and emission analysis of diesel engine fueled with water-biodiesel emulsion fuel and nanoadditive. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(33):33478–33489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3216-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vellaiyan S, Subbiah A, Chockalingam P (2018b) Multi-response optimization to obtain better performance and emission level in a diesel engine fueled with water-biodiesel emulsion fuel and nanoadditive. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3979-6

  • Vellaiyan S, Subbiah A, Chockalingam P (2019) Multi-response optimization to improve the performance and emissions level of a diesel engine fueled with ZnO incorporated water emulsified soybean biodiesel/diesel fuel blends. Fuel 237:1013–1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venkata Ramanan M, Yuvarajan D (2016) Emission analysis on the influence of magnetite nanofluid on methyl ester in diesel engine. Atmos Pollut Res 7(3):477–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.12.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venu H, Madhavan V (2016) Effect of Al2O3 nanoparticles in biodiesel-diesel-ethanol blends at various injection strategies: performance, combustion and emission characteristics. Fuel 186:176–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.08.046

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Venu H, Madhavan V (2017) Effect of diethyl ether and Al2O3 nanoadditives in diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends: performance, combustion and emission characteristics. J Mech Sci Technol 31(1):409–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-1243-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venu H, Madhavan V (2017) Influence of diethyl ether (DEE) addition in ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EBD) and methanol-biodiesel-diesel (MBD) blends in a diesel engine. Fuel 189:377–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuvarajan D, Ramanan MV (2016) Effect of magnetite ferrofluid on the performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using methyl esters of mustard oil. Arab J Sci Eng 41(5):2023–2030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-016-2060-3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuvarajan D, Venkata Ramanan M (2016) Experimental analysis on neat mustard oil methyl ester subjected to ultrasonication and microwave irradiation in four stroke single cylinder diesel engine. J Mech Sci Technol 30(1):437–446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-1248-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuvarajan D, Ravikumar J, Babu MD (2016) Simultaneous optimization of smoke and NOxemissions in a stationary diesel engine fuelled with diesel–oxygenate blends using the grey relational analysis in the Taguchi method. Anal Methods 8(32):6222–6230

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuvarajan D, Dinesh Babu M, BeemKumar N, Amith Kishore P (2018) Experimental investigation on the influence of titanium dioxide nanofluid on emission pattern of biodiesel in a diesel engine. Atmos Pollut Res 9(1):47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2017.06.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu H, Lin Y, Yin Y (2004) A novel one-step chemical method for preparation of copper nanofluids. J Colloid Interface Sci 277(1):100–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.026

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, Madanapalle, India

    Yuvarajan Devarajan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India

    Beemkumar Nagappan & Ganesan Subbiah

Authors
  1. Yuvarajan Devarajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Beemkumar Nagappan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ganesan Subbiah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Beemkumar Nagappan.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Devarajan, Y., Nagappan, B. & Subbiah, G. A comprehensive study on emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with nanoparticle-blended biodiesel. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 10662–10672 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04446-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04446-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation