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Impact of wetland fragmentation due to damming on the linkages between water richness and ecosystem services

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Abstract

Evaluation of the importance of ecosystem services (ES) of various wetlands is well reported with global and regional level research, but the degree to which spatial-temporal variations in water richness (availability of water) have had an effect on ES has not yet been examined. The present work is intended to investigate the influence of wetland fragmentation due to damming on wetland water richness and the impact of changes in water richness on the ecosystem service value (ESV) of the wetland-dominated rivers of the lower Punarbhaba Basin, India, and Bangladesh, as the case. Water richness models of pre- and post-dam periods have been constructed based on four hydro-ecological parameters (hydro-period, depth of water, consistency of water appearance, and wetland size) following the semi-quantitative analytic hierarchy process (AHP). ESV of different wetland types, with and without considering water richness effect, has been computed. The result indicates that the overall wetland area decreased from 73,563 to 52,123 km2 during the post-dam period. Approximately 53.8% of the high water-rich region is decreased. Total wetland ESV has been lowered by 63.4% from 1989 to 2019, with an average reduction rate of 2%. This is mainly due to the squeezing of the wetland area during the post-dam period. If the impact of water richness on ESV is considered, the scenario is found to be very distinct. Total ESV of various ESV areas amounted to $33 million during the pre-dam period and is reduced to $19.71 million during the post-dam period. If compared to the total ESV of the wetland without considering the effect of water richness, the calculated ESV gap was $105 million in pre-dam and $38 million in post-dam period indicating a widening of the gap. Maintaining the ES of wetland hydrological management, specifically the flow maintenance of river and riparian wetlands, is essential.

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Data availability

All the data and materials related to the manuscript are published with the paper, and available from the corresponding author upon request (swadespal2017@gmail.com).

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  1. Department of Geography, University of Gour Banga, Malda, India

    Sonali Kundu, Swades Pal, Swapan Talukdar & Indrajit Mandal

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  1. Sonali Kundu
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SP conceptualized the work and provided overall guidance and continuous examination of the work and also wrote the manuscript. SK, ST, and IM prepared datasets and carried out analysis. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Swades Pal.

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Fig. 8
figure 8

Service-specific ESV value in different water richness zone during post-dam period

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Kundu, S., Pal, S., Talukdar, S. et al. Impact of wetland fragmentation due to damming on the linkages between water richness and ecosystem services. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 50266–50285 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14123-x

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