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Risk assessment of non-point source pollution based on landscape pattern in the Hanjiang River basin, China

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Abstract

Non-point source (NPS) pollution has become a vital contaminant source affecting the water environment because of its wide distribution, hydrodynamic complexity, and difficulty in prevention and control. In this study, the identification and evaluation of NPS pollution risk based on landscape pattern were carried out in the Hanjiang River basin above Ankang hydrological section, Shaanxi province, China. Landscape distribution information was obtained through land use data, analyzing the contribution of “source-sink” landscape to NPS pollution through the location-weighted landscape contrast index. Using the NPS pollution risk index to identify and evaluate the regional NPS pollution risk considering the slope, cost distance, soil erosion, and precipitation erosion affect migration of pollutants. The results showed that (i) the pollution risk was generally high in the whole watershed, and the sub-watersheds dominated by “source” landscapes account for 74.61% of the whole basin; (ii) the high-risk areas were distributed in the central, eastern, and western regions of the river basin; the extremely high-risk areas accounted for 12.7% of the whole watershed; and the southern and northern regions were dominated by forestland and grassland with little pollution risk; (iii) “source” landscapes were mostly distributed in areas close to the river course, which had a great impact on environment, and the landscape pattern units near the water body needed to be further adjusted to reduce the influence of NPS pollution.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully thank all the members of the research group on Non-point Source Pollution Control of the State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China for their efforts in data collation.

Funding

This research was supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province (2019ZDLSF06-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, 710048, China

    Yi-wen Liu, Jia-ke Li & Gai-rui Hao

  2. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Jun Xia

  3. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Jun Xia

  4. Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia

    Fang-Yenn Teo

Authors
  1. Yi-wen Liu
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  2. Jia-ke Li
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  3. Jun Xia
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  4. Gai-rui Hao
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  5. Fang-Yenn Teo
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Contributions

Y. L., J. L., and J. X. contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Y. L., J. L., and G. H. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Y. L. and F. T. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jia-ke Li.

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Liu, w., Li, Jk., Xia, J. et al. Risk assessment of non-point source pollution based on landscape pattern in the Hanjiang River basin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 64322–64336 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15603-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15603-w

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