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The bioaccumulation of Cd in rice grains in paddy soils as affected and predicted by soil properties

  • SOILS, SEC 3 • REMEDIATION AND MANAGEMENT OF CONTAMINATED OR DEGRADED LANDS • RESEARCH ARTICLE
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Abstract

Purpose

The area of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil in China is increasing due to the rapid development of the Chinese economy. To ensure that the rice produced in China meets current food safety and quality standards, the current soil quality standards for paddy soils urgently need to be updated.

Materials and methods

We conducted a pot experiment with 19 representative paddy soils from different parts of China to study the effects of soil properties on bioaccumulation of Cd in rice grains. The experiment included a control, a low treatment concentration (0.3 mg kg–1 for pH < 6.5 and 0.6 mg kg–1 for pH ≥ 6.5), and a high treatment concentration (0.6 mg kg–1 for pH < 6.5 and 1.2 mg kg–1 for pH ≥ 6.5) of Cd salt added to soils.

Results and discussion

The results showed that the Cd content in grains of the control and low and high Cd treatments ranged from 0.021 to 0.14, 0.07 to 0.27, and 0.12 to 0.33 mg kg–1, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that soil pH and organic carbon (OC) content could explain over 60 % of the variance in the (log-transformed) bioaccumulation coefficient (BCF) of Cd in grains across soils. Aggregated boosted trees analysis showed that soil pH and OC were the main factors controlling Cd bioavailability in paddy soils. Validation of the models against data from recent literature indicated that they were able to accurately predict the BCF in paddy soils.

Conclusions

These quantitative relationships between the BCF of Cd in grains and soil properties are helpful for developing soil-specific guidance on Cd safety threshold value for paddy soils.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the special fund for agro-scientific research in the public interest (No. 200903015) and the National Science and Technology Pillar Program (2011BAD41B01). We also thank Decheng Li for help in collecting soil samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Xinxin Ye, Liang Wu & Bo Sun

  2. Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China

    Xinxin Ye

  3. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China

    Hongying Li

  4. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yibing Ma

  5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Liang Wu

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  1. Xinxin Ye
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  2. Hongying Li
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  4. Liang Wu
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  5. Bo Sun
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Correspondence to Bo Sun.

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Responsible editor: Peter Schroeder

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Ye, X., Li, H., Ma, Y. et al. The bioaccumulation of Cd in rice grains in paddy soils as affected and predicted by soil properties. J Soils Sediments 14, 1407–1416 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0901-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0901-9

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