Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Biochar and organic fertilizer changed the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea community structure of saline–alkali soil in the North China Plain

  • Soils, Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Soils and Sediments Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The application of a large amount of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer resulted in an increasing N loss. It is an effective practice that biochar and organic fertilizer replace part of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. Thus, it is necessary to identify and compare the effects of biochar and organic fertilizer on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) community structure in saline–alkali soil.

Materials and methods

Three treatments in triplicate were included in the field experiment: (1) CK (no biochar and organic fertilizer), (2) biochar at 10.0 t ha−1 year−1 (C), and (3) organic fertilizer at 7.5 t ha−1 year−1 (M). The community structures and diversities of AOB and AOA were investigated by Illumina sequencing analysis of gene encoding ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) and followed by principal component analysis, least discriminant analysis effect size, and redundancy analysis.

Results and discussion

Biochar and organic fertilizers did not change the diversity of AOA and reduced the relative abundance of Candidatus-Nitrosoarchaeum in maize season, while only biochar increased the relative abundance of Candidatus-Nitrosotenuis in wheat season. The diversity of AOB was significantly reduced in the M treatment, but was not changed in the C treatment in wheat season. Moreover, the relative abundances of Nitrosomonas (CK, 15.1%; C, 6.8%; M, 3.4%) were decreased in the maize season, and the relative abundances of Nitrosovibrio (CK, 9.8%; C, 16.8%; M, 14.5%) were increased in the wheat season in the C and M treatments, which probably related to the changes in soil pH, soil NH4+–N content, and soil salt content (SSC). The lower soil pH, higher NO3−–N content, and SSC resulted in Nitrosospira (maize season: CK, 42.2%; C, 40.7%; M, 62.0%; wheat season: CK, 46.6%; C, 50.7%; M, 65.4%) becoming the dominant genus in the M treatment.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that AOB was more susceptible than AOA to biochar and organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer has significant effects on the diversities and community structure of AOB than biochar associated with the changing in soil pH, salinity, and mineral N.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abby SS, Melcher M, Kerou M, Krupovic M, Stieglmeier M, Rossel C, Pfeifer K, Schleper C (2018) Candidatus Nitrosocaldus cavascurensis, an ammonia oxidizing, extremely thermophilic archaeon with a highly mobile genome. Front Microbiol 9:28

    Google Scholar 

  • Amini S, Ghadiri H, Chen CR, Marschner P (2016) Salt-affected soils, reclamation, carbon dynamics, and biochar: a review. J Soils Sediments 16(3):939–953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antil RS, Singh M (2007) Effects of organic manures and fertilizers on organic matter and nutrients status of the soil. Arch Agron Soil Sci 53(5):519–528

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beeckman F, Motte H, Beeckman T (2018) Nitrification in agricultural soils: impact, actors and mitigation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 50:166–173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernhard AE, Donn T, Giblin AE, Stahl DA (2005) Loss of diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria correlates with increasing salinity in an estuary system. Environ Microbiol 7(9):1289–1297

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernhard AE, Tucker J, Giblin AE, Stahl DA (2007) Functionally distinct communities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria along an estuarine salinity gradient. Environ Microbiol 9(6):1439–1447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhowmik A, Fortuna AM, Cihacek LJ, Rahman S, Borhan MS, Carr PM (2017) Use of laboratory incubation techniques to estimate greenhouse gas footprints from conventional and no-tillage organic agroecosystems. Soil Biol Biochem 112:204–215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bi QF, Chen QH, Yang XR, Li H, Zheng BX, Zhou WW, Liu XX, Dai PB, Li KJ, Lin XY (2017) Effects of combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the nitrification and ammonia oxidizers in an intensive vegetable soil. AMB Express 7(1):198

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollmann A, Laanbroek HJ (2002) Influence of oxygen partial pressure and salinity on the community composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Schelde estuary. Aquat Microb Ecol 28(3):239–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Broadbent FE (1948) Nitrogen release and carbon loss from soil organic matter during decomposition of added plant residues. Soil Sci Soc Am J 12:246–249

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaganti VN, Crohn DM, Šimůnek J (2015) Leaching and reclamation of a biochar and compost amended saline–sodic soil with moderate SAR reclaimed water. Agr Water Manage 158:255–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan KY, Zwieten LV, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S (2007) Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Aust J Soil Res 45(8):629–634

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clough TJ, Condron LM (2010) Biochar and the nitrogen cycle: introduction. J Environ Qual 39(4):1218–1223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen XP, Yang JN, Zhu XE, Liang X, Lei YR, He CQ (2016) N–fixing trees in wetland restoration plantings: effects on nitrogen supply and soil microbialcommunities. Environ Sci Pollut R 23:24749–24757

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daims H, Lebedeva EV, Pjevac P, Han P, Herbold C, Albertsen M, Jehmlich N, Palatinszky M, Vierheilig J, Bulaev A, Kirkegaard RH, von Bergen M, Rattei T, Bendinger B, Nielsen PH, Wagner M (2015) Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria. Nature 528(7583):504–509

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di HJ, Cameron KC, Shen JP, Winefield CS, O'Callaghan M, Bowatte S, He JZ (2009) Nitrification driven by bacteria and not archaea in nitrogen-rich grassland soils. Nat Geosci 2(9):621–624

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edgar RC (2010) Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST. Bioinformatics 26(19): 2460–2461

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan FL, Yang QB, Li ZJ, Wei D, Cui XA, Liang YC (2011) Impacts of organic and inorganic fertilizers on nitrification in a cold climate soil are linked to the bacterial ammonia oxidizer community. Microb Ecol 62(4):982–990

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis CA, Roberts KJ, Beman JM, Santoro AE, Oakley BB (2005) Ubiquity and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in water columns and sediments of the ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(41):14683–14688

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleeson DB, Müller C, Banerjee S, Ma W, Siciliano SD, Murphy DV (2010) Response of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria to changing water filled pore space. Soil Biol Biochem 42(10):1888–1891

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo JJ, Ling N, Chen H, Zhu C, Kong YL, Wang M, Shen QR, Guo SW (2017) Distinct drivers of activity, abundance, diversity and composition of ammonia-oxidizers: evidence from a long-term field experiment. Soil Biol Biochem 115:403–414

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hao XY, Chang C (2003) Does long-term heavy cattle manure application increase salinity of a clay loam soil in semi-arid southern Alberta? Agric Ecosyst Environ 94(1):89–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatzenpichler R (2012) Diversity, physiology, and niche differentiation of ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Appl Environ Microbiol 78(21):7501–7510

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He JZ, Zheng Y, Chen CR, He YQ, Zhang LM (2008) Microbial composition and diversity of an upland red soil under long-term fertilization treatments as revealed by culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. J Soils Sediments 8(5):349–358

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He LL, Bi YC, Zhao J, Pittelkow CM, Zhao X, Wang SQ, Xing GX (2018) Population and community structure shifts of ammonia oxidizers after four-year successive biochar application to agricultural acidic and alkaline soils. Sci Total Environ 619:1105–1115

    Google Scholar 

  • He LL, Zhao X, Wang SQ, Xing GX (2016) The effects of rice-straw biochar addition on nitrification activity and nitrous oxide emissions in two Oxisols. Soil Till Res 164:52–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Head IM, Hiorns WD, Embley TM, McCarthy AJ, Saunders JR (1993) The phylogeny of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria as determined by analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. J Gen Microbiol 139(6):1147–1153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jia ZJ, Conrad R (2009) Bacteria, rather than archaea, dominate microbial ammonia oxidation in an agricultural soil. Environ Microbiol 11(7):1658–1671

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones RD, Morita RY (1983) Methane oxidation by Nitrosococcus oceanus and Nitrosomonas europaea. Appl Environ Microbiol 45(2):401–410

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kandeler E, Stemmer M, Klimanek EM (1999) Response of soil microbial biomass, urease and xylanase within particle size fractions to long-term soil management. Soil Biol Biochem 31(2):261–273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerou M, Offre P, Valledor L, Abby SS, Melcher M, Nagler M, Weckwerth W, Schleper C (2016) Proteomics and comparative genomics of Nitrososphaera viennensis reveal the core genome and adaptations of archaeal ammonia oxidizers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113(49):E7937–E7946

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim BK, Jung MY, Yu DS, Parket SJ, Oh TK, Rhee SK, Kim JF (2011) Genome sequence of an ammonia-oxidizing soil archaeon,“Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis” MY1. J Bacteriol 193(19):5539–5540

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kits KD, Sedlacek CJ, Lebedeva EV, Han P, Bulaev A, Pjevac P, Daebeler A, Romano S, Albertsen M, Stein LY, Daims H, Wagner M (2017) Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle. Nature 549(7671):269–272

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalchuk GA, Stephen JR (2001) Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: a model for molecular microbial ecology. Annu Rev Microbiol 55(1):485–529

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lebedeva EV, Hatzenpichler R, Pelletier E, Schuster N, Hauzmayer S, Bulaev A, Grigor’eva NV, Galushko A, Schmid M, Palatinszky M, Paslier DL, Daims H, Wagner M (2013) Enrichment and genome sequence of the group I. 1a ammonia-oxidizing archaeon “Ca. Nitrosotenuis uzonensis” representing a clade globally distributed in thermal habitats. PLoS One 8(11):e80835. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080835

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, Masiello CA, Hockaday WC, Crowley D (2011) Biochar effects on soil biota–a review. Soil Biol Biochem 43(9):1812–1836

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li JL, Nedwell DB, Beddow J, Dumbrell AJ, McKew BA, Thorpe EL, Whitby C (2015) amoA gene abundances and nitrification potential rates suggest that benthic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and not archaea dominate N cycling in the colne estuary, United Kingdom. Appl Environ Microbiol 81(1):159–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Cao HL, Hong YG, Gu JD (2011) Spatial distribution and abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in mangrove sediments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 89(4):1243–1254

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li YY, Chapman SJ, Nicol GW, Yao HY (2018a) Nitrification and nitrifiers in acidic soils. Soil Biol Biochem 116:290–301

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li YF, Hu SD, Chen JH, Müller K, Li YC, Fu WJ, Lin ZW, Wang HL (2018b) Effects of biochar application in forest ecosystems on soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions: a review. J Soils Sediments 18(2):546–563

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Yuan Y, Yuan Y, Bi Z, Liu X, Huang Y, Liu HW, Chen CJ, Xu SS (2018c) Effects of salinity on the denitrification efficiency and community structure of a combined partial nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation process. Bioresour Technol 249:550–556

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang J, Yang ZX, Tang L, Zeng GM, Yu M, Li XD, Wu HP, Qian YY, Li XM, Luo Y (2017) Changes in heavy metal mobility and availability from contaminated wetland soil remediated with combined biochar-compost. Chemosphere 181:281–288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin YX, Ding WX, Liu DY, He TH, Yoo G, Yuan JJ, Chen ZM, Fan JL (2017) Wheat straw-derived biochar amendment stimulated N2O emissions from rice paddy soils by regulating the amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Soil Biol Biochem 113:89–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Li J, Zhao Y, Xie K, Tang X, Wang S, Li Z, Liao Y, Xu J, Di H, Li Y (2018) Ammonia oxidizers and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria respond differently to long-term manure application in four paddy soils of south of China. Sci Total Environ 633:641–648

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meincke M, Krieg E, Bock E (1989) Nitrosovibrio spp., the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in building sandstone. Appl Environ Microbiol 55(8):2108–2110

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell PJ, Dalley TSL, Helleur RJ (2013) Preliminary laboratory production and characterization of biochars from lignocellulosic municipal waste. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 99:71–78

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nartey OD, Zhao BW (2014) Biochar preparation, characterization, and adsorptive capacity and its effect on bioavailability of contaminants: an overview. Adv Mater Sci Eng 14:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Nejidat A (2005) Nitrification and occurrence of salt-tolerant nitrifying bacteria in the Negev desert soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 52(1):21–29

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicol GW, Leininger S, Schleper C, Prosser JI (2008) The influence of soil pH on the diversity, abundance and transcriptional activity of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria. Environ Microbiol 10(11):2966–2978

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ouyang Y, Norton JM, Stark JM, Reeve JR, Habteselassie MY (2016) Ammoniaoxidizing bacteria are more responsive than archaea to nitrogen source in an agricultural soil. Soil Biol Biochem 96: 4-15

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan H, Ying SS, Liu HY, Zeng LZ, Zhang QC, Liu YM, Xu JM, Li Y, Di HJ (2018) Microbial pathways for nitrous oxide emissions from sheep urine and dung in a typical steppe grassland. Biol Fert Soils 54(6):717–730

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park SJ, Park BJ, Rhee SK (2008) Comparative analysis of archaeal 16S rRNA and amoA genes to estimate the abundance and diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in marine sediments. Extremophiles 12(4):605–615

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng XQ, Liu XC, Zhou YY, Peng B, Tang L, Luo L, Yao BS, Deng YC, Tang J, Zeng GM (2017) New insights into the activity of a biochar supported nanoscale zerovalent iron composite and nanoscale zero valent iron under anaerobic or aerobic conditions. RSC Adv 7(15):8755–8761

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pester M, Rattei T, Flechl S, Gröngröft A, Richter A, Overmann J, Reinhold-Hurek B, Loy A, Wagner M (2012) amoA-based consensus phylogeny of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and deep sequencing of amoA genes from soils of four different geographic regions. Environ Microbiol 14(2):525–539

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prosser JI, Nicol GW (2012) Archaeal and bacterial ammonia-oxidisers in soil: the quest for niche specialisation and differentiation. Trends Microbiol 20(11):523–531

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quartaroli L, Silva LCF, Silva CM, Lima HS, de Paula SO, de Oliveira VM, da Silva M de CS, Kasuya MCM, de Sousa MP, APR T, Souza RS, Bassin JP, da Silva CC (2017) Ammonium removal from high-salinity oilfield-produced water: assessing the microbial community dynamics at increasing salt concentrations. Appl Microbiol Biot 101(2):859–870

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins CW (1993) Coefficients for estimating SAR from soil pH and EC data and calculating pH from SAR and EC values in salinity models. Arid Land Res Manag 7(1):29–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rochette P, Angers DA, Chantigny MH, Gagnon B, Bertrand N (2008) N2O fluxes in soils of contrasting textures fertilized with liquid and solid dairy cattle manures. Can J Soil Sci 88(2):175–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues JM, Lasa B, Aparicio-Tejo PM, González-Murua C, Marino D (2018) 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 2-(N-3, 4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture nitrification inhibitors: quantification in plant tissues and toxicity assays. Sci Total Environ 624:1180–1186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santoro AE, Francis CA, De Sieyes NR, Boehm AB (2008) Shifts in the relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea across physicochemical gradients in a subterranean estuary. Environ Microbiol 10(4):1068–1079

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schlegel AJ, Assefa Y, Bond HD, Haag LA, Stone LR (2017) Changes in soil nutrients after 10 years of cattle manure and swine effluent application. Soil Till Res 172:48–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen JP, Zhang LM, Di HJ, He JZ (2012) A review of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in Chinese soils. Front Microbiol 3:296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen WS, Xu TT, Liu JJ, Huang QR, Gu GY, Zhong WH (2015) Long-term application of organic manure changes abundance and composition of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in an acidic red soil. Soil Sci Plant Nut 61(4):620–628

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slavich PG, Petterson GH (1993) Estimating the electrical conductivity of saturated paste extracts from 1:5 soil, water suspensions and texture. Aust J Soil Res 31(1):73–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Song YJ, Zhang XL, Ma B, Chang SX, Gong J (2014) Biochar addition affected the dynamics of ammonia oxidizers and nitrification in microcosms of a coastal alkaline soil. Biol Fertil Soils 50(2):321–332

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun X, Han XG, Ping F, Zhang L, Zhang KS, Chen M, Wu WX (2018) Effect of rice-straw biochar on nitrous oxide emissions from paddy soils under elevated CO2 and temperature. Sci Total Environ 628-629:1009–1016

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sutka RL, Ostrom NE, Ostrom PH, Breznak JA, Gandhi H, Pitt AJ, Li F (2006) Distinguishing nitrous oxide production from nitrification and denitrification on the basis of isotopomer abundances. Appl Environ Microb 72(1):638–644

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang YQ, Zhang XY, Li DD, Wang HM, Chen FS, Fu XL, Fang XM, Sun XM, Yu GR (2016) Impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on the abundance and community structure of ammonia oxidizers and denitrifying bacteria in Chinese fir plantations. Soil Biol Biochem 103:284–293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tao R, Wakelin SA, Liang YC, Chu GX (2017) Response of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in calcareous soil to mineral and organic fertilizer application and their relative contribution to nitrification. Soil Biol Biochem 114:20–30

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teutscherova N, Vazquez E, Masaguer A, Navas M, Scow KM, Schmidt R, Benito M (2017) Comparison of lime-and biochar-mediated pH changes in nitrification and ammonia oxidizers in degraded acid soil. Biol Fertil Soils 53(7):811–821

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tian XF, Hu HW, Ding Q, Song MH, Xu XL, Zheng Y, Guo LD (2014) Influence of nitrogen fertilization on soil ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundance, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in an alpine meadow. Biol Fertil Soils 50(4):703–713

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Troy SM, Lawlor PG, O’Flynn CJ, Healy MG (2014) The impact of biochar addition on nutrient leaching and soil properties from tillage soil amended with pig manure. Water Air Soil Poll 225:1900

    Google Scholar 

  • Velde MVD, See L, You LZ, Balkovič J, Fritz S, Khabarov N, Obersteiner M, Wood S (2013) Affordable nutrient solutions for improved food security as evidenced by crop trials. PLoS One 8(4):e60075. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060075

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verheijen FGA, Jeffery S, Bastos AC, van der Velde MID (2009) Biochar application to soils: a critical scientific review of effects on soil properties, processes and functions. Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Zhang LM, Shen JP, Du S, Han LL, He JZ (2016) Nitrogen fertiliser-induced changes in N2O emissions are attributed more to ammonia-oxidising bacteria rather than archaea as revealed using 1-octyne and acetylene inhibitors in two arable soils. Biol Fertil Soils 52(8):1163–1171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei W, Isobe K, Shiratori Y, Nishizawa T, Ohte N, Otsuka S, Senoo K (2014) N2O emission from cropland field soil through fungal denitrification after surface applications of organic fertilizer. Soil Biol Biochem 69:157–167

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wood SA, Almaraz M, Bradford MA, McGuire KL, Naeem S, Neill C, Palm CA, Tully KL, Zhou JZ (2015) Farm management, not soil microbialdiversity, controls nutrient loss from smallholder tropical agriculture. Front Microbiol 6: 90

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu YP, Li YF, Zheng CY, Zhang YF, Sun ZJ (2013) Organic amendment application influence soil organism abundance in saline alkali soil. Eur J Soil Biol 54:32–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie KZ, Xu PZ, Yang SH, Lu YS, Jiang RP, Gu WJ, Li WY, Sun LL (2015) Effects of supplementary composts on microbial communities and rice productivity in cold water paddy fields. J Microbiol Biotechnol 25(5):569–578

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu YG, Yu WT, Ma Q, Zhou H (2012) Responses of bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidisers of an acidic luvisols soil to different nitrogen fertilization rates after 9 years. Biol Fertil Soils 48(7):827–837

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang ST, Dong GT, Zheng DH, Xiao HL, Gao YF, Lang Y (2011) Coupling Xinanjiang model and SWAT to simulate agricultural non-point source pollution in Songtao watershed of Hainan, China. Ecol Model 222(20–22):3701–3717

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ying JY, Li XX, Wang NN, Lan ZC, He JZ, Bai YF (2017) Contrasting effects of nitrogen forms and soil pH on ammonia oxidizing microorganisms and their responses to long-term nitrogen fertilization in a typical steppe ecosystem. Soil Biol Biochem 107:10–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan YH, Chen HH, Yuan WQ, Williams D, Walker JT, Shi W (2017) Is biochar-manure co-compost a better solution for soil health improvement and N2O emissions mitigation? Soil Biol Biochem 113:14–25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Chen LJ, Dai TJ, Tian JP, Wen DH (2015) The influence of salinity on the abundance, transcriptional activity, and diversity of AOA and AOB in an estuarine sediment: a microcosm study. Appl Microbiol Biot 99(22):9825–9833

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao XY, Bian XY, Li ZX, Wang XW, Yang CJ, Liu GF, Jiang J, Kentbayev Y, Kentbayeva B, Yang CP (2014) Genetic stability analysis of introduced Betula pendula, Betula kirghisorum, and Betula pubescens families in saline-alkali soil of northeastern China. Scand J For Res 29(7):639–649

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng H, Wang ZY, Deng X, Herbert S, Xing BS (2013) Impacts of adding biochar on nitrogen retention and bioavailability in agricultural soil. Geoderma 206:32–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong WH, Gu T, Wang W, Zhang B, Lin XG, Huang QR, Shen WS (2010) The effects of mineral fertilizer and organic manure on soil microbial community and diversity. Plant Soil 326(1–2):511–522

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41773090 and 31300375) and the National Water Pollution and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2015ZX07203-007).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Yulong Shi, Xingren Liu & Qingwen Zhang

  2. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China

    Peiling Gao

  3. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Jianqiang Ren

Authors
  1. Yulong Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xingren Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qingwen Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Peiling Gao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jianqiang Ren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xingren Liu.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Huaiying Yao

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shi, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Q. et al. Biochar and organic fertilizer changed the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea community structure of saline–alkali soil in the North China Plain. J Soils Sediments 20, 12–23 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02364-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02364-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation