Abstract
Primary data are rarely used explicitly as a source of data outside of the original research purpose for which they were collected. As a result, qualitative secondary analysis (QSA) has been described as an “invisible enterprise” for which there is a “notable silence” amongst the qualitative research community. In this paper, we report on the methodological implications of conducting a secondary analysis of qualitative data focusing on parents’ narratives of help-seeking activities in the prodrome to psychosis. We review the literature on QSA, highlighting the main characteristics of the approach, and discuss issues and challenges encountered in conducting a secondary analysis. We conclude with some thoughts on the implications for conducting a QSA in children’s mental health services and research.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Further details regarding the substantive findings related to the QSA are available from the authors upon request.
References
Heaton J. Reworking Qualitative Data. London: Sage; 2004.
Thorne S. Secondary analysis in qualitative research: issues and implications. In: Morse JM, ed. Critical Issues in Qualitative Research Methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 1994:263–279.
Heaton J. Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data: A Review of the Literature. 2000. Available at: http://www.york.ac.uk/spru. Accessed June 24, 2004.
Heaton J. Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data. Social Research Update 22. Guilford: University of Surrey, Institute of Social Research; 1998. Available at: http://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/. Accessed June 24, 2004.
Corti L, Thompson P. Secondary analysis of archived data. In: Seale C, Gobo G, Gubrium JF, Silverman D, eds. Qualitative Research Practice. London: Sage; 2004:327–343.
Fielding NG. Getting the most from archived qualitative data: epistemological, practical and professional obstacles. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 2004;7:97–104.
Cisneros Puebla C, Mruck K, Roth W. Editorial: The FQS Issue on “Qualitative inquiry: Research, archiving and reuse”. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research [on-line journal], 6(2), Art. 45. Available at: http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/2-05/05-2-45-e.htm. Accessed August 15, 2005.
Mauthner NS, Parry O, Backett-Milburn K. The data are out there, or are they? Implications for archiving and revisiting qualitative data. Sociology. 1998;32:733–745.
Thorne S. Ethical and representational issues in qualitative secondary analysis. Qualitative Health Research. 1998;8:547–555.
Sandelowski M. “To be of use”: enhancing the utility of qualitative research. Nursing Outlook. 1997;45:125–132.
Denzin N. Interpretive Interactionism (II). Applied Social Research Methods Series Volume 16. Newbury Park: Sage; 1989.
Boydell KM, Gladstone BM, Volpe T. Interpreting narratives of motivation and schizophrenia: A biopsychosocial understanding. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. 2003;26:422–426.
Clausen JA, Yarrow MR. Pathways to the mental hospital. Journal of Social Issues. 1955;11:25–32.
Friedson E. The Profession of Medicine. New York: Dodd Mead; 1970.
Czuchta DM, McCay E. Help-seeking for parents of individuals experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2001;XV:159–170.
Geertz C. Thick description: toward an interpretive theory of culture. In: Geertz C, ed. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books; 1973:3–30.
Mills CW. The Sociological Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press; 1959.
Guba EG. The alternative paradigm dialog. In: Guba EG, ed. The Paradigm Dialog. Newbury Park: Sage; 1990:17–30.
Lather PA. Research as praxis. Harvard Educational Review. 1986;56:257–277.
Greene JC. Three views on the nature and role of knowledge in social knowledge. In: Guba EG, ed. The Paradigm Dialog. Newbury Park: Sage; 1990:258–276.
Lincoln YS. The makings of a constructivist: A remembrance of transformations past. In: Guba EG, ed. The Paradigm Dialog. Newbury Park: Sage; 1990:8–104.
Williams CC, Collins AA. The social construction of disability in schizophrenia. Qualitative Health Research. 2002;12:297–309.
Hinds PS, Vogel RJ, Clarke-Steffen L. The possibilities and pitfalls of doing a secondary analysis of a qualitative data set. Qualitative Health Research. 1997;7:408–424.
Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006;3:77–101.
Holstein JA, Gubrium JF. Context: working it up, down, and across. In: Seal C, Gobo J, Gubrium J, Silverman D, eds. Qualitative Research Practice. London: Sage; 2004:279–311.
McLeod J. Why we interview now-reflexivity and perspective in a longitudinal study. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 2003;6:201–211.
Thomson R, Holland J. Hindsight, foresight and insight: the challenges of longitudinal qualitative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 2003;6:233–244.
Yates L. Interpretive claims and methodological warrant in small-number, qualitative longitudinal research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 2003;6:223–232.
Van den Berg J. Reanalyzing qualitative interviews from different angles: the risk of decontextualization and other problems of sharing qualitative data. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research [on-line journal], 6(1), Art. 30. Available at: http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-05/05-1-30-e.htm. Accessed July 7, 2005.
Lapadat JC, Lindsay AC. Transcription in research and practice: from standardization of technique to interpretive positionings. Qualitative Inquiry. 1999;5:64–86.
Poland B. Transcription quality. In: Gubrium JF, Holstein JA, eds. Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method. Newbury Park: Sage; 2002:629–649.
Watson C. Unreliable narrators? ‘Inconsistency’ (and some inconstancy) in interviews. Qualitative Research. 2006;6:367–384.
Thomson D, Bzdel L, Golden-Biddle K et al. Central questions of anonymization: A case study of secondary use of qualitative data. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research [on-line journal], 6(1), Art. 29. Available at: http://www.qualitative-research.net/fqs-texte/1-05/05-1-29-e.htm. Accessed August 21, 2005.
Nespor J. Anonymity and place in qualitative inquiry. Qualitative Inquiry. 2000;6:546–569.
Szabo V, Strang VR. Secondary analysis of qualitative data. Advances in Nursing Science. 1997;20:66–74.
Fielding NG, Fielding JL. Resistance and adaptation to criminal identity: using secondary analysis to evaluate classic studies of crime and deviance. Sociology. 2002;34:671–689.
Bourdieu P. The specificity of the scientific field and the social conditions of the progress of reason. Social Science Information. 1975;14:19–47.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gladstone, B.M., Volpe, T. & Boydell, K.M. Issues Encountered in a Qualitative Secondary Analysis of Help-Seeking in the Prodrome to Psychosis. J Behav Health Serv Res 34, 431–442 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-007-9079-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-007-9079-x