Skip to main content
Log in

Empathic design: imagining the cognitive and emotional learner experience

  • Development Article
  • Published:
Educational Technology Research and Development Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In an effort to create meaningful user experiences, instructional designers participate in continuous projection and reflection during design. Empathic design draws on instructional designers’ sensitivity toward their learners as a reference for design. Empathic forecasting, or predictions about an emotional reaction to future events, is an important influence on design in general and may be particularly meaningful for empathic design. This exploratory mixed-methods study examined how instructional designers’ imagined the cognitive and emotional learner experience as they designed a collaboration-based interactive case study to promote interaction and collaboration among physicians, radiobiologists, and radiation physicists. We employed a protocol analysis methodology to document the verbal exchanges of members of this design team during collaborative meetings. Online surveys that included scale-based ratings and short open-ended questions assessed learners’ perceptions of their instructional experience. Findings indicate that instructional designers visualized learner interaction with the Virtual Hospital, and emoted learner feelings with the activity while engaging in design. User results indicate that the outcome the instructional designers envisioned for the user experience aligned with user perceptions of their experiences during the activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arditte Hall, K. R., Joormann, J., Simer, M., & Timpano, K. R. (2018). The impact bias in self and others: Affective and empathic forecasting in individuals with social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 106, 37–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayton, P., Pott, A., & Elwakili, N. (2007). Affective forecasting: Why can’t people predict their emotions? Thinking and Reasoning, 13(1), 62–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basballe DA, Halskov K (2012) Dynamics of research through design. In Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS, 2012), 58-67. New York: ACM

  • Carmel-Gilfilen, C., & Portillo, M. (2016). Designing with empathy: Humanizing narratives for inspired healthcare experiences. Health Environments Research and Design Journal, 9(2), 130–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, N., Christiaans, H., & Dorst, K. (1996). Analysing design activity. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalsgaard, P. (2010). Research in and through design-An interaction design research approach. In Proceedings of Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction (OZCHI, 2010), 200-203. New York, ACM.

  • DeWall, C. N., & Baumeister, R. F. (2006). Alone but feeling no pain: Effects of social exclusion on physical pain tolerance and pain threshold, affective forecasting, and interpersonal empathy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(1), 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dynlacht, J. R., Zeman, E. M., Held, K. D., Deye, J., Vikram, B., & Joiner, M. C. (2015). Education and training needs in the radiation sciences: Problems and potential solutions. Radiation Research, 184(5), 449–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halskov, K. (2011). Design research lab (Day in the Lab Series). ACM Interactions xviii, 4, 92–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellström, C., & Hellström, T. (2003). The present is less than the future: Mental experimentation and temporal exploration in design work. Time and Society, 12(2/3), 263–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koppen, E., & Meinel, C. (2012). Knowing people: The empathetic designer. Design Philosophy Papers, 10(1), 35–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kouprie, M., & Visser, F. S. (2009). A framework for empathy in design: Stepping into and out of the user’s life. Journal of Engineering Design, 20(5), 437–448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtman, M. (2006). Qualitative research in education: A user’s guide. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewenstein, G. (2007). Affect regulation and affective forecasting. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 180–203). New York: Guildford Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattelmäki, T., Vaajakallio, K., & Koskinen, I. (2014). What happened to empathic design? Design Issues, 30(1), 67–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, H. G., & Stolterman, E. (2012). The design way (2nd ed.). Cambridge: The MIT Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pollmann, M. M., & Finkenauer, C. (2009). Empathic forecasting: How do we predict other people’s feelings? Cognition and Emotion, 23(5), 978–1001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tracey, M. W., & Boling, E. (2013). Preparing instructional designers and educational technologists: Traditional and emerging perspectives. In M. Spector, D. Merrill, J. Elen, & M. J. Bishop (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (4th ed., pp. 653–660). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tracey, M. W., Joiner, M., Kacin, S., & Burmeister, J. (2018). A collaborative educational intervention integrating biology and physics in radiation oncology: A design research case study. Contemporary Design Education, 9, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2003). Affective forecasting. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 345–411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2005). Affective forecasting: Knowing what to want. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(3), 131–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Research reported in this publication was supported by the Cancer Education Grants Program of the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R25CA171971. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monica W. Tracey.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tracey, M.W., Hutchinson, A. Empathic design: imagining the cognitive and emotional learner experience. Education Tech Research Dev 67, 1259–1272 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09683-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09683-2

Keywords

Navigation