Abstract
The characteristic of interface shear between carbonate sands and steel is important for the design of onshore/offshore foundations in coral reef deposit. By using an interface ring shear apparatus, the influences of particle size, normal stress, steel roughness and shear displacement on the interface shear strength were studied in this paper. During the tests, the particle movement localized in the deformation band was observed and the degree of particle breakage was evaluated. The test results showed that under the effect of large displacement interface shear (≥ 1 m), a significant particle breakage occurred in the thin zone near the interface, and the roughness of steel interface decreased accordingly. The relative smooth steel surface shows small interface friction angle without dilation phenomenon during shearing, while higher roughness leads to higher interface strength due to stress dilation. It was also found that there was a kind of particle size discontinuity in the shear zone. Particle breakage is main reason for the increase in interface friction angle in large displacement shear. A new dimensionless parameter was proposed to consider the influences of particle breakage and interface roughness on the mobilization of interface strength between sands and steel. It is recommended that the influence of fine particles embedded into steel interface should be considered in large displacement shear for carbonate sands.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alshibli KA, Sture S (2000) Shear band formation in plane strain experiments of sand. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 126(6):495–503
ASTM (2017) A1040-17 standard guide for specifying harmonized standard grade compositions for wrought carbon, low-alloy, and alloy steels
Bishop A, Green G, Garga V, Anderson A, Brown J (1971) A new ring shear apparatus and its application of the measurement of the residual strength. Géotechnique 21(4):273–328.
Brandes HG (2011) Simple shear behavior of calcareous and quartz sands. Geotech Geol Eng 29(1):113–126
Coop MR, Sorensen KK, Freitas Bodas T, Georgoutsos G (2004) Particle breakage during shearing of a carbonate sand. Géotechnique 54(3):157–163
Datta M, Gulhati SK, Rao GV (1982) Engineering behavior of carbonate soils of India and some observations on classification of such soils. Geotech Prop Behav Perform Calcareous Soils 777:113–140
DeJong JT, Frost JD (2002) A multisleeve friction attachment for the cone penetrometer. Geotech Test J 25(2):111–127
DeJong JT, Westgate ZJ (2009) Role of initial state, material properties, and confinement condition on local and global soil-structure interface behavior. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 135(11):1646–1660
DeJong JT, White DJ, Randolph MF (2003) Interface load transfer degradation during cyclic loading: a microscale investigation. Soils Found 43(4):81–93
DeJong JT, White DJ, Randolph MF (2006) Microstructure observation and modelling of soil-structure interface behavior using PIV. Soils Found 46(1):15–28
Dietz MS, Lings ML (2006) Post peak strength of interfaces in a stress–dilatancy framework. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 132(11):1474–1484
Dove JE, Frost JD (1999) Peak friction behaviour of smooth geomembrane-particle interfaces. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 125(7):544–555
Frost JD, Hebeler GL, Evans TM, DeJong JT (2004) Interface behaviour of granular soils. In: Proceedings of earth and space conference, Houston, TX, pp 65–72
Hardin BO (1985) Crushing of soil particles. J Geotech Eng 111(10):1177–1192
Ho TYK, Jardine RJ, Anh-Minh N (2011) Large-displacement interface shear between steel and granular media. Géotechnique 61(3):221–234
Hyodo M, Aramaki N, Itoh M, Hyde AFL (1996) Cyclic strength and deformation of crushable carbonate sand. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 15(5):331–336
Hyodo M, Hyde AFL, Aramaki N (1998) Liquefaction of crushable soils. Géotechnique 48(4):527–543
Jardine RJ, Lehane BM, Everton SJ (1992) Friction coefficients for piles in sands and silts. In: Proceeding 4th international conference on offshore site investigation and foundation behaviour, London, pp 661–677
Kwag JM, Ochiai H, Yasufuku N (1999) Yielding stress characteristics of carbonate sand in relation to individual particle fragmentation strength. In: Proceeding of international conference on engineering for calcareous sediments, the Netherlands, pp 79–87
Lings ML, Dietz MS (2005) The peak strength of sand-steel interfaces and the role of dilation. Soils Found 45(6):1–14
Miao G, Airey D (2013) Breakage and ultimate states for a carbonate sand. Géotechnique 63(14):1221–1229
Mortara G, Ghionna M, Ghionna VN (2007) Cyclic shear stress degration and post-cyclic behavior from sand-steel interface direct shear tests. Can Geotech J 44(7):739–752
Paikowsky SG, Player CM, Connors PJ (1995) A dual interface apparatus for testing unrestricted friction of soil along solid surfaces. Geotech Test J 18(2):168–193
Potyondy JG (1961) Skin friction between various soils and construction materials. Geotechnique 11(4):339–353
Rao KSS, Allam MM, Robinson RG (1998) Interfacial friction between sands and solid surfaces. Geotech Eng 131(2):75–82
Roscoe KH (1970) Tenth Rankine lecture: the influence of strains in soil mechanics. Géotechnique 20(2):129–170
Sadrekarimi AS, Olson SMOM (2010) Particle damage observed in ring shear tests on sands. Can Geotech J 47(5):497–515
Sadrekarimi A, Olson SM (2009) A new ring shear device to measure the large displacement shearing behavior of sands. Geotech Test J 32(3):197–208
Sadrekarimi A, Olson SM (2010) Shear band formation observed in ring shear tests on sandy soils. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 136(2):366–375
Salem M, Elmamlouk H, Agaiby S (2013) Static and cyclic behavior of North Coast calcareous sand in Egypt. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 55:83–91
Sharma SS, Ismail MA (2006) Monotonic and cyclic behavior of two calcareous soils of different origins. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 132(12):1581–1591
Torabi A, Braathen A, Cuisiat F, Fossen H (2007) Shear zones in porous sand: insights from ring-shear experiments and naturally deformed sandstones. Tectonophysics 437:37–50
Wei HZ, Zhao T, He JQ, Meng QS, Wang XZ (2018) Evolution of particle breakage for calcareous sands during ring shear tests. Int J Geomech 18(2):04017153
Yang ZX, Jardine RJ, Zhu BT, Foray P, Tsuha CHC (2010) Sand grain crushing and interface shearing during displacement pile installation in sand. Geotechnique 60(6):469–482
Zhang X, Hu W, Scaring G, Baudet BA, Han W (2018) Particle shape factors and fractal dimension after large shear strains in carbonate sand. Géotech Lett 8:73–79
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the supports from the research project in the fields of High-tech Ships ([2016]22) of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51779220 and 51209183), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY15E090002), Key Research and Development program of Zhejiang Province (2018C03031).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rui, S., Wang, L., Guo, Z. et al. Monotonic behavior of interface shear between carbonate sands and steel. Acta Geotech. 16, 167–187 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-00987-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-00987-9