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Phylogenetic relationships of sugarcane rust fungi

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Abstract

The phylogenetic positions of Puccinia spp. infecting sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) were determined using 38 newly generated rust sequences and 26 sequences from GenBank. Rust specimens on sugarcane were collected from 164 locations in 23 countries and identified based on light microscopy. The morphology for all samples matched that of Puccinia kuehnii or P. melanocephala, the orange and brown rust pathogens of sugarcane, respectively. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences (rDNA) including portions of the 5.8S rDNA, the complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 5′ region of the large subunit (nLSU) rDNA were obtained for each species along with 36 additional rust taxa. Despite a shared host, the two Puccinia spp. on sugarcane are not closely related within the Pucciniales. Phylogenetic analyses place P. melanocephala most closely to P. miscanthi, P. nakanishikii, and P. rufipes infecting Miscanthus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus, and Imperata cylindrica, respectively. Puccinia kuehnii is basal to a clade of Poaceae-infecting rusts including P. agrophila, P. polysora, P. substriata, and Uromyces setariae-italicae infecting Schizachyrium spp., Zea mays, Digitaria spp., and Urochloa mosambicensis, respectively. Light and scanning electron microscopy images highlight morphological differences distinguishing the two sugarcane-infecting species. This study confirms the separation of rust species infecting Poaceae from Cyperaceae- and Juncaceae-infecting rusts and also provides support for the presence of an additional group that includes P. kuehnii and other grass-infecting relatives.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Gary Bauchan for his help with SEM imaging and to all who provided rust samples, including Juan Carlos Angel S., Joe Bischoff, Erick Chavarria, L. Costet, Barry Croft, J. Heinrich Daugrois, J. U. Despradel, Trevor Falloon, Michael Grisham, Jeff Hoy, Osamu Jahana, A. J. Kennedy, Eric Loubat, Walter Maccheroni, Angel Martinez, Jose Pablo Munillo, Nasir Mahmood Nasir, Werner Ovalle, Gustavo A. Ralda, Carlos Flores Revilla, Susan Schenck, Tim Staier, Salem Suamtally, Jaime Vega, without whom this study could not have been conducted. Additional collections of rusts on Poaceae were contributed by Drs. Bob Stack, Jose Hernandez, Merion Liebenberg, and Curt Roane to whom we are grateful. We also thank the Arthur Herbarium at Purdue University for access to valuable herbarium specimens and Cindy Park for expert laboratory assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA

    Linley J. Dixon & Lisa A. Castlebury

  2. Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    M. Catherine Aime

  3. USDA-ARS Sugarcane Field Station, Canal Point, FL, 33438, USA

    Neil C. Glynn & Jack C. Comstock

  4. USDA ARS Systematic Mycology Laboratory, Rm 304, Bldg 011A, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA

    Linley J. Dixon

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  1. Linley J. Dixon
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  2. Lisa A. Castlebury
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  3. M. Catherine Aime
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  4. Neil C. Glynn
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  5. Jack C. Comstock
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Correspondence to Linley J. Dixon.

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Product names and trademarks are mentioned to report factually on available data; however, the USDA-ARS neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA-ARS does not imply approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. The experiments reported comply with current US laws.

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Dixon, L.J., Castlebury, L.A., Aime, M.C. et al. Phylogenetic relationships of sugarcane rust fungi. Mycol Progress 9, 459–468 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0649-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0649-6

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