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Phylogeny of Miracula helgolandica gen. et sp. nov. and Olpidiopsis drebesii sp. nov., two basal oomycete parasitoids of marine diatoms, with notes on the taxonomy of Ectrogella-like species

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Abstract

Despite their widespread nature and economic impact, little is known regarding the diversity and phylogeny of diatom-infecting oomycetes. While the phylogenetic affinities of Lagenisma, affecting large centric diatoms, has recently been resolved, no member of the widespread genus Ectrogella has, so far, been investigated using molecular phylogenetics. The genus Ectrogella contains about a dozen species, which are all holocarpic. The species in the genus are diverse in terms of morphology and development, and primarily set apart from other holocarpic oomycete genera on the basis of their occurrence in unicellular or colonial algae, predominantly licmophoroid and bacillarioid diatoms. Here, we report the phylogenetic placement of two oomycete parasitoids one parasitic to Pseudo-nitzschia pungens and the other parasitic to Rhizosolenia imbricata. While both parasitoids were placed outside the crown oomycete groups represented by Saprolegniomycetes and Peronosporomycetes, they did not form a monophyletic assemblage. The Rhizosolenia parasitoid was embedded amongst marine Olpidiopsis species, while the Pseudo-nitzschia parasitoid was placed as the sister clade to all remaining oomycetes. The taxonomy of Ectrogella-like organisms and Olpidiopsis is discussed and, as a consequence of morphological differences and phylogenetic placement, two new species, Miracula helgolandica and Olpidiopsis drebesii, are introduced.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Vincent Adams, Neil McNair, Dale Small, Don Beattie, Daniel McPhee, John White and Ewen Todd from PEI mussel toxin research for their help with diatom collections from Canada and toxicity testing, and staff at AWI for providing phytoplankton samples from Helgoland. Gordon Beakes is gratefully acknowledged for discussions on holocarpic oomycetes. Funding by the LOEWE in the framework of the Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre and the Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research is gratefully acknowledged. AB would like to thank Katholischer Akademischer Ausländer-Dienst (KAAD) for providing a three-year PhD scholarship. We are grateful for the constructive comments from the two anonymous reviewers that helped to improve the manuscript, and excellent typesetting service. MT is a section editor of Mycological Progress.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Anthony T. Buaya, Bora Nam, Lisa Nigrelli & Marco Thines

  2. Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Anthony T. Buaya, Sebastian Ploch, Bora Nam, Lisa Nigrelli & Marco Thines

  3. Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada

    Louis Hanic

  4. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Kurpromenade 201, 27498, Helgoland, Germany

    Alexandra Kraberg

  5. Cluster for Integrative Fungal Research (IPF), Georg-Voigt-Str. 14–16, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Marco Thines

Authors
  1. Anthony T. Buaya
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  2. Sebastian Ploch
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Contributions

MT, LH and AK conceived the study; AB, BN, LN and SP screened plankton samples, isolated infected diatoms and carried out PCR assays; AB and AK performed light microscopy; AB, AK, SP and MT analysed the data; MT, AB and SP wrote the manuscript, with contributions from the other authors.

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Correspondence to Marco Thines.

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Section Editor: Marc Stadler

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Buaya, A.T., Ploch, S., Hanic, L. et al. Phylogeny of Miracula helgolandica gen. et sp. nov. and Olpidiopsis drebesii sp. nov., two basal oomycete parasitoids of marine diatoms, with notes on the taxonomy of Ectrogella-like species. Mycol Progress 16, 1041–1050 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1345-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-017-1345-6

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