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Exploring seven hundred years of transhumance, climate dynamic, fire and human activity through a historical mountain pass in central Spain

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Abstract

A high-altitude peat sequence from the heart of the Spanish Central System (Gredos range) was analysed through a multi-proxy approach to determine the sensitivity of high-mountain habitats to climate, fire and land use changes during the last seven hundred years, providing valuable insight into our understanding of the vegetation history and environmental changes in a mountain pass close to a traditional route of transhumance. The pollen data indicate that the vegetation was dominated by shrublands and grasslands with scattered pines in high-mountain areas, while in the valleys cereals, chestnut and olive trees were cultivated. Strong declines of high-mountain pines percentages are recorded at 1540, 1675, 1765, 1835 and 1925 cal AD, which may be related to increasing grazing activities and/or the occurrence of anthropogenic fires. The practice of mountain summer farming and transhumance deeply changed and redesigned the landscape of the high altitudes in central Spain (Gredos range) since the Middle Ages, although its dynamics was influenced in some way by climate variability of the past seven centuries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Group Archaeobiology, Institute of History, CSIC, Albasanz 26,28, 28037, Madrid, Spain

    José Antonio López-Sáez, Sandra Robles-López, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz & Daniel Abel-Schaad

  2. Dept. Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Francisca Alba-Sánchez

  3. Dept. of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Silvia Sabariego-Ruiz

  4. LETG CAEN GEOPHEN-UMR 6554 CNRS, University of Caen-Normandie, 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France

    Arthur Glais

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  1. José Antonio López-Sáez
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López-Sáez, J.A., Alba-Sánchez, F., Robles-López, S. et al. Exploring seven hundred years of transhumance, climate dynamic, fire and human activity through a historical mountain pass in central Spain. J. Mt. Sci. 13, 1139–1153 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-3885-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-3885-7

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