Abstract
-
Heat transfer in the turbulent flow of fluid in a pipe is analyzed.
-
Nusselt number as a function of the Reynolds and Prandtl number is given.
-
Power-type correlations were proposed within a wide range of Reynolds and Prandtl number.
-
Relationships for the Nusselt number compare well with experimental data.
The paper presents three power-type correlations of a simple form, which are valid for Reynolds numbers range from 3·103 ≤ Re ≤ 106, and for three different ranges of Prandtl number: 0.1 ≤ Pr ≤ 1.0, 1.0 < Pr ≤ 3.0, and 3.0 <Pr ≤ 103. Heat transfer correlations developed in the paper were compared with experimental results available in the literature. The comparisons performed in the paper confirm the good accuracy of the proposed correlations. They are also much simpler compared with the relationship of Gnielinski, which is also widely used in the heat transfer calculations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Kakaç, H. Liu, A. Pramuanjaroenkij, Heat exchangers. Selection, rating, and thermal design. 3rd edition, CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton 2012.
S. G. Penoncello, Thermal energy systems. CRC Press-Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton 2015.
D. Taler, Mathematical modelling and control of plate fin and tube heat. Energ Convers Manage 96 (2015), 452–462.
M. Trojan, D. Taler, Thermal simulation of superheaters taking into account the processes occurring on the side of the steam and flue gas. Fuel 150 (2015), 75–87.
D. Taler, K. Kaczmarski, Mathematical modelling of the transient response of pipeline. J of Therm Sci 25 (2016) 549–557.
J. Taler, P. Dzierwa, D. Taler, M. Jaremkiewicz, M. Trojan, Monitoring of thermal stresses and heating optimization including industrial applications. Nova Publishers, New York 2016.
P. Dzierwa, Optimum heating of pressure components of steam boilers with regard to thermal stresses. J Therm Stresses 39 (2016), pp. 874–886.
P. Dzierwa, M. Trojan, D. Taler, K. Kamińska, J. Taler, Optimum heating of thick-walled pressure components assuming a quasi-steady state of temperature distribution. J Therm Sci 25 (2016), pp. 380–388.
J. Taler, P. Dzierwa, D. Taler, P. Harchut, Optimization of the boiler start-up taking into account thermal stresses, Energy 92 (2015), 160–170.
F. W. Dittus, L. M. K. Boelter, Heat transfer in automobile radiators of the tubular type. The University of California Publications on Engineering 2 (1930) 443–461, Reprinted in Int. Commun. Heat Mass 12 (1985) 3–22.
R. H. S., Winterton, Where did the Dittus and Boelter equation come from?. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 41 (1998) 809–810.
W. H. McAdams, Heat Transmission. 3rd edn., McGraw-Hill, New York 1954.
A. P. Colburn, A method of correlating forced convectin heat transfer data and a comparison with fluid friction. Trans. AIChE 29 (1933) 174–210.
E. N. Sieder, E. C. Tate, Heat transfer and pressure drop of liquids in tubes. Ind. Eng. Chem. 28 (1936) 1429–1436.
R. L. Webb, A critical evaluation of analytical solutions and Reynolds analogy equations for turbulent heat and mass transfer in smooth tubes. Warme Stoffubertrag. 4 (1971) 197–204.
R. W. Allen, E. R. G. Eckert, Friction and heat-transfer measurements to turbulent pipe flow of water (Pr = 7 and 8) at uniform wall heat flux. J. Heat Trans-T. ASME 86 (1964) 301–310.
F. Kreith, R. M. Manglik, M. S. Bohn, Principles of heat transfer. 7th edition, Cengage Learning, Stamford 2011.
D. R. Mirth, S. Ramadhyani, D. C. Hittle, Thermal performance of chilled-water cooling coils operating at low water velocities. ASHRAE Transactions, Part 1, 99 (1993) 43–53.
V. Gnielinski, Neue Gleichungen für den Wärme-und den Stoffübergang in turbulent durchströmten Rohren und Kanälen. Forsch. Ingenieurwes. (Engineering Research) 41 (1975) 8–16.
V. Gnielinski, New equations for heat and mass transfer in the turbulent pipe and channel flow. Int. Chem. Eng. 16 (1976) 359–368.
G. K., Filonienko, Friction factor for turbulent pipe flow. Teploenergetika 1 (1954), no. 4, 40–44 (in Russian).
B. S. Petukhov, Heat transfer and friction in turbulent pipe flow with variable physical properties, in Advances in Heat Transfer, Vol. 6, 1970, pp. 503–564, Edited by J. P. Hartnett and T. F. Irvine, Academic Press, New York 1970.
S. Kakaç, Y. Yener, A. Pramuanjaroenkij, Convective heat transfer. 3rd Edition, CRC Press–Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton 2014.
M. Li, T. S. Khan, E. Al-Hajri, Z. H. Ayub, Single phase heat transfer and pressure drop analysis of a dimpled enhanced tube. Appl. Therm. Eng. 101 (2016) 38–46.
E. Martinez, W. Vicente, G. Soto, M. Salinas, Comparative analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop in helically segmented finned tube heat exchangers. Appl. Therm. Eng. 30 (2010) 1470–1476.
L. Prandtl, Führer durch die Strömungslehre. Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig 1949 (Translation into English: L. Prandtl, Essentials of fluid dynamics, Blackie & Son, London, 1969, 117).
W. Yoo, S. Jeon, C. Son, J. Yang, D. Ahn, S. Kim, K. Hwang, S. Ha, Full surface heat transfer characteristics of rotor ventilation duct of a turbine generator. Appl. Therm. Eng. 94 (2016) 385–394.
E. P. B. Filho, J. M. S. Jabardo, Experimental study of the thermal hydraulic performance of sub-cooled refrigerants flowing in smooth, micro-fin and herringbone tubes. Appl. Therm. Eng. 62 (2014) 461–469.
Q. Li, Y. Xuan, Convective heat transfer and flow characteristics of Cu-water nanofluid. Sci. China Ser. E: Technol. Sci. 45 (2002) 408–416.
W. H. Azmi, K. Abdul Hamid, R. Mamat, K. V. Sharma, M. S. Mohamad, Effects of working temperature on thermo-physical properties and forced convection heat transfer of TiO2 nanofluids in water-Ethylene glycol mixture. Appl. Therm. Eng. 106 (2016) 1190–1199.
Y.-L. He, Z.-J. Zheng, B.-C. Du, K. Wang, Y. Qiu, Experimental investigation on turbulent heat transfer characteristics of molten salt in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. Appl. Therm. Eng. 108 (2016) 1206–1213.
Y. T. Wu, B. Liu, C. F. Ma, H. Guo, Convective heat transfer in the laminar-turbulent transition region with molten salt in a circular tube. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 33 (2009) 1128–1132.
Y. S. Chen, Y. Wang, J. H. Zhang, X. F. Yuan, J. Tian, Z. F. Tang, H. H. Zhu, Y. Fu, N. X. Wang, Convective heat transfer characteristics in the turbulent region of molten salt in concentric tube. Appl. Therm. Eng. 98 (2016) 213–219.
J. Qian, Q. Kong, H. Zhang, W. Huang, W. Li, Performance of a gas cooled molten salt heat exchanger. Appl. Therm. Eng. 108 (2016) 1429–1435.
J. Lu, S. He, J. Liang, J. Ding, J. Yang, Convective heat transfer in the laminar-turbulent transition region of molten salt in annular passage. Exp. Thermal Fluid Sci. 51 (2013) 71–76.
E. E. Wilson, A basis for rational design of heat transfer apparatus. Trans. ASME, 37 (1915) 47–82.
J. W. Rose, Heat-transfer coefficients, Wilson plots and accuracy of thermal measurements. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 28 (2004) 77–86.
D. Taler, A new heat transfer correlation for transition and turbulent fluid flow in tubes. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 108 (2016) 108–122.
H. Reichardt, Vollständige Darstellung der turbulenten Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in glatten Leitungen. Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 31 (1951) no. 7, 208–219.
H. Reichardt, The principles of turbulent heat transfer, Transl. by P. A. Scheck in Recent advances in heat and mass transfer. ed. by J. P. Hartnett, McGraw-Hill, Boston 1961, 223–252.
Bevington P. R., Data reduction and error analysis for the physical sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York 1969.
G. A. F Seber, C. J. Wild, Nonlinear regression. Wiley, New York 1989.
D. Taler, Experimental determination of correlations for average heat transfer coefficients in heat exchangers on both fluid sides. Heat and Mass Transfer 49 (2013) 1125–1139.
S. Lau, Effect of plenum length and diameter on turbulent heat transfer in a downstream tube and on plenum-related pressure loss. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, 1981.
A. Black III, The effect of circumferentially-varying boundary conditions on turbulent heat transfer in a tube. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, 1966.
R. Kemink, Heat transfer in a downstream tube of a fluid withdrawal branch. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, 1977.
D. Wesley, Heat transfer in pipe downstream of a Tee. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, 1976.
J. P. Abraham, E. M. Sparrow, W. J. Minkowycz, Internal-flow Nusselt numbers for the low-Reynoldsnumber end of the laminar-to-turbulent transition regime. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 54 (2011), 584–588.
S. Eiamsa-ard, P. Promvonge, Thermal characteristics in round tube fitted with serrated twisted tape. Appl. Therm. Eng. 30 (2010) 1673–1682.
X. W. Li, J. A. Meng, Z. X. Li, Roughness enhanced mechanism for turbulent convective heat transfer. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 54 (2011) 1775–1781.
J. A. Olivier, J. P. Meyer, Single-phase heat transfer and pressure drop of the cooling water inside smooth tubes for transitional flow with different inlet geometries. HVAC&R Research, 16 (2010) 471–496.
M. Everts, S. R. Ayres, F. A. M. Houver, C. P. Vanderwagen, N. M. Kotze, J. P. Meyer, The influence of surface roughness on heat transfer in the transitional flow regime. Proceedings of the 15th International Heat Transfer Conference, IHTC-15, August 10-15, 2014, Kyoto, Japan
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Taler, D. Simple power-type heat transfer correlations for turbulent pipe flow in tubes. J. Therm. Sci. 26, 339–348 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-017-0947-2
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-017-0947-2