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An optimized sequential extraction scheme for molybdenum association in environmental samples

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Abstract

By comparing three sequential extraction procedures, a new optimized extraction scheme for the molybdenum association in environmental samples was proposed. Five operational steps were described as exchangeable (KH2PO4 + K2HPO4: including water-soluble), associated with organic matter (NaOH), Fe–Mn oxides and/or carbonates (HCl), sulfides (H2O2) and residue (HNO3 + HF + H2O2). An optimized extraction scheme was compared with Tessier’s procedure and the Commission of European Communities Bureau of Reference (BCR) was applied to black shales. Results showed Tessier’s procedure gave the lowest concentration values for exchangeable molybdenum and the highest values for the residual molybdenum, which could not present the efficiency of the extraction reagents. BCR’s procedure showed the highest values in oxidizable molybdenum and presented four fractions of molybdenum, which did not demonstrate the fractions of molybdenum in the black shales in detail. The optimized extraction scheme demonstrated a certain improvement on extraction efficiency over Tessier’s procedure for the lowest residual molybdenum, and revealed more featured fraction information of molybdenum in black shales than BCR’s. Therefore, after a comparison with other two extraction procedures, the optimized extraction scheme proved suitable for the molybdenum in black shales and it also showed an accurate determination of the molybdenum in the fractions and source of bioavailable Mo.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB238903), the Natural Science Foundation of China (41073017, 41273029) and the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry. The authors appreciate the help and advice from Assistant Professor Hai-bo Qin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geochemistry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, People’s Republic of China

    Liang Liang & Jian-Ming Zhu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China

    Jian-Ming Zhu

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Liang Liang

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  1. Liang Liang
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Correspondence to Jian-Ming Zhu.

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Liang, L., Zhu, JM. An optimized sequential extraction scheme for molybdenum association in environmental samples. Acta Geochim 35, 111–119 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-016-0096-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-016-0096-4

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