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Improvement and Application of Acute Blood Stasis Rat Model Aligned with the 3Rs (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement) of Humane Animal Experimentation

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Abstract

Objective

To establish a novel cardiocentesis method for withdrawing venous blood from the right atrium, and to improve an acute blood stasis rat model using an ice bath and epinephrine hydrochloride (Epi) while considering the 3Rs (reduction, refinement, and replacement) of humane animal experimentation.

Methods

An acute blood stasis model was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous injection (s.c.) Epi (1.2 mg/kg) administration at 0 h, followed by a 5-min exposure to an ice-bath at 2 h and s.c. Epi administration at 4 h. Control rats received physiological saline. Rats were fasted overnight and treated with Angelicae Sinensis Lateralis Radix (ASLR) and Pheretima the following day. Venous blood was collected using our novel cardiocentesis method and used to test whole blood viscosity (WBV), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen (FIB) content.

Results

The rats survived the novel cardiocentesis technique; WBV value returned to normal while hematological parameters such as hemoglobin level and red blood cell count were restored to >94% of the corresponding values in normal rats following a 14-day recovery. Epi (1.2 mg/kg, s.c.) combined with a 5-min exposure to the ice bath replicated the acute blood stasis rat model and was associated with the highest WBV value. In rats showing acute blood stasis, ASLR treatment [4 g/(kg·d) for 8 days] decreased WBV by 9.98%, 11.09%, 9.34%, 9.00%, 7.66%, and 7.03% (P<0.05), while Pheretima treatment [2.6 g/(kg·d), for 8 days] decreased WBV by 25.49%, 25.94%, 16.28%, 17.76%, 11.07%, and 7.89% (P<0.01) at shear rates of 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, and 180 s−1, respectively. Furthermore, Pheretima treatment increased APTT significantly (P<0.01).

Conclusions

We presented a stable, reproducible, and improved acute blood stasis rat model, which could be applied to screen drugs for promoting blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China

    Shuai Huang, Feng Xu, Ming-ying Shang & Shao-qing Cai

  2. Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415, China

    Shuai Huang

  3. Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China

    Yin-ye Wang

  4. Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China

    Chao-qun Wang & Xuan Wang

Authors
  1. Shuai Huang
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  2. Feng Xu
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  3. Yin-ye Wang
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  4. Ming-ying Shang
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  5. Chao-qun Wang
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  6. Xuan Wang
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  7. Shao-qing Cai
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Contributions

Huang S performed the experiments and wrote the article. Xu F designed the experiments and revised the article. Wang CQ performed experiments and revised the article. Wang YY, Shang MY, and Wang X revised the article. Cai SQ guided the design of experiments and article writing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shao-qing Cai.

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The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Additional information

Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development of China (No. 2009ZX09502-023-4), and National Technology Support Program (No. 2006BAI09B06)

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Huang, S., Xu, F., Wang, Yy. et al. Improvement and Application of Acute Blood Stasis Rat Model Aligned with the 3Rs (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement) of Humane Animal Experimentation. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 26, 292–298 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-014-2008-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-014-2008-y

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