Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

A review on medicinal uses, analytical techniques and pharmacological activities of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn.: A concise report

  • Review
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive and relevant information on the utilization and pharmacological activities of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. (Loganiaceae), used for the treatment of various diseases. Strychnos nux-vomica is an evergreen tree native to Southeast Asia and its dried seeds are used for the treatment of neurodisorders, arthritis and vomiting. The different use of this plant as herbal remedy in Chinese medicine is also reported in the literature. Strychnine and brucine are major pharmacologically active phytoconstituents of Strychnos nux-vomica, which are central nervous stimulant, but also found to be poisonous at high dosage. Owing to its diversity of phytoconstituents, it is used for treatment of various disorders. Pharmacologically it has been validated for its effect on inflammation, microbial infections, gastrointestinal problem, nervous system, bones cells, cardiovascular systems, cancer and blood glucose level. It also has antioxidant activity and antifeedant activity. Informations about Strychnos nux-vomica, compiled in the present review article could be useful to the researchers for the scientific validation of its traditional claim in the future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li PT, Leeuwenberg AJM. Loganiaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, eds. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press and St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden;1996:320–338.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Patel DK, Patel K, Duraiswamy B, Dhanabal SP. Phytochemical analysis and standardization of Strychnos nux-vomica extract through HPTLC techniques. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2012;2:S56–S60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Atluri JB, Ramana SPV, Reddi CS. Eventide blooming, insect pollination, low fruiting and seeding in the strychnine tree, Strychnos nux-vomica Linn. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of India. Section B, Biological Sciences 2008;78:66–71.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Sivakumar V, Anandalakshmi R, Warrier RR, Tigabu M, Oden PC, Vijayachandran SN, et al. Effects of presowing treatments, desiccation and storage conditions on germination of Strychnos nux-vomica seeds, a valuable medicinal plant. New Forests 2006;32:121–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bandopadhyay J, Bratati De. Seasonal variation of some minor tertiary indole alkaloids in vegetative parts of Strychnos nux-vomica. J Med Aromat Plant Sci 2003;25:41–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dutta GR. Seasonal variation of mycoflora with Strychnos nux-vomica L. seeds under storage. Indian J Pure Appl Biol 1989;4:133–135.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kanurai P, Sakultarl P. Relationships of macronutrient and leaf age in MDF and DEF species at Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi Province. Proceedings of the 44th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, Kasetsart;2007:730–738.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dwivedi BP, Shukla DN. Effect of leaf extracts of some medicinal plants on spore germination of some Fusarium species. Karnataka J Agricult Sci 2000;13:153–154.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Singh P, Khan SN. Assessment of seed-borne fungi of some forest trees and their management. Indian J For 1999;22:281–284.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wu W, Qiao CF, Liang ZT, Xu HX, Zhao ZZ, Cai ZW. Alkaloid profiling in crude and processed Strychnos nux-vomica seeds by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007;45:430–436.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Yang XW, Yan ZK. Studies on the chemical constituents of alkaloids in seeds of Strychnous nuxvomica Linn. Chin Mater Med (Chin) 1993;18:739–740.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Arnold MD, Harry L. Poisonous plants of Hawaii. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co.;1968:20.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang X, Xu Q, Xiao H, Liang X. Iridoid glucosides from Strychnos nux-vomica. Phytochemistry 2003;64:1341–1344.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Cai BC, Wu H, Yang XW, Hattori M, Nainba T. Analysis of spectral data for 13CNMR of sixteen strychnos alkaloids. Acta Pharmaceut Sinica 1994;29:44–48.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Felter's Materia Medica. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/61386379/Felters-Materia-Medica.

  16. Wood DM, Webster E, Martinez D, Dargan PI, Jones AL. Case report: survival after deliberate strychnine selfpoisoning, with toxicokinetic data. Crit Care 2002;6:456–459.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Cai BC, Hattori M, Namba T. Processing of Nux Vomica. II. Changes in alkaloid composition of the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica on traditional drug-processing. Chem Pharm Bull 1990;38:1295–1298.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Yashodhara V, Subhash K. Somatic embryogenesis in Strychnos nux-vomica L. Adv Plant Sci 2001;14:491–494.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Kumar A, Datta SK. Plantlet regeneration from hypocotyl tissue of Strychnos nuxvomica Linn. Curr Sci 1989;58:812–813.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kumar A. Regeneration of forest tree Strychnos nuxvomica L. through tissue culture. Indian J For 1990;13:263–265.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Karthiyayini R, Ponnammal NR. Antimicrobial activity of leaf and fruit parts of Strychnos nux-vomica. J Ecobiol 2007;20:197–199.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Senthilkumar M, Gurumoorthi P, Janardhanan K. Antibacterial potential of some plants used by tribals in Maruthamalai hills, Tamil Nadu. Nat Prod Radiance 2005;4:27–34.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Thavamani S, Sreeramulu A. Growth inhibitory effect of certain plant extracts against Pseudomonas marginalis inciting softrots. J Ecotoxicol Environm Monitor 1994;4:249–252.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Mishra M, Malik SS, Tewari SN. Allelopathic effect of certain botanicals against six fungal pathogens of rice. Proceedings. First National Symposium. Allelopathy in agroecosystems (agriculture & forestry), February 12-14, held at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India;1992:191–193.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Shetty SA, Prakash HS, Shetty HS. Efficacy of certain plant extracts against seed-borne infection of Trichoconiella padwickii in paddy (Oryza sativa). Can J Bot 1989;67:1956–1958.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sankar NR, Sreeramulu A. In vitro efficacy of nineteen medicinal plant leaf extracts on Uncinula tectonae, the powdery mildew pathogen of teak (Tectona grandis). Biomed 2008;3:137–141.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Khare D, Atri DC. Homeopathic drugs control Colletotrichum rot of chilli fruits. Flora Fauna Jhansi 1997;3:55–58.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wu Y, Tianshan W, Fangzhou Y, Baochang C. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of brucine and brucine N-oxide extracted from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;88:205–214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Chaurasia S, Tripathi P, Tripathi YB. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory property of Sandhika: a compound herbal drug. Indian J Exp Biol 1995;33:428–432.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Cai B, Nagasawa T, Kadota S, Hattori M, Namba T, Kuraishi Y. Processing of Nux vomica. VII. Antinociceptive effects of crude alkaloids from the processed and unprocessed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica in mice. Biol Pharmaceut Bull 1996;19:127–131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Enbergs H, Kosiedowski P, Jahnecke S. Efficacy of Nux vomica -Homaccord and Veratrum-Homaccord in the treatment of diarrhoea in suckling foals during the mare's first oestrus. Biologische Tiermedizin 2001;18:4–17.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Shoba FG, Thomas M. Study of antidiarrhoeal activity of four medicinal plants in castor-oil induced diarrhoea. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;76:73–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kwon SH, Kim HC, Lee SY, Jang CG. Loganin improves learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2009;619:44–49.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Benites NR, Melville PA, Sinhorini IL. Therapeutic and prophylactic use of homeopathic medicines in the treatment of neurological symptoms in newborns. Clin Veterin 2004;9:58–60.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Shahana Y, Zafar KMY, Zillur RS. Elaboration of the pharmacodynamics of some indigenous drugs claimed to have de-addictive effects. Ethnobiology in human welfare: abstracts of the fourth international congress of ethnobiology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India;1994:298.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Tripathi YB, Singh BK, Pandey RS, Kumar M. Bhux: a patent polyherbal formulation to prevent atherosclerosis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2005;2:217–221.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Chitra V, Varma PV, Raju KA, Prakash KJ. Study of antidiabetic and free radical scavenging activity of the seed extract of Strychnos Nuxvomica. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2010;2-1:106–110.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Tripathi YB, Chaurasia S. Interaction of Strychnos nux-vomica -products and iron: with reference to lipid peroxidation. Phytomedicine 2000;7:523–528.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Tripathi YB, Chaurasia S. Studies on the inhibitory effect of Strychnos nux vomica-alcohol extract on iron induced lipid peroxidation. Phytomedicine 1996;3:175–180.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Baochang C tianshan W, Kurokawa M, Shiraki K, Hattori M. Cytotoxicities of alkaloids from processed and unprocessed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. Acta Pharmacol Sinica 1998;19:425–428.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Deng XK, Cai BC, Yin W, Zhang XC, Li WD, Sun L. Antitumor activity of brucine on mice with transplanted tumor. Chin J Nat Med (Chin) 2005;3:392–395.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rao PS, Ramanadham M, Prasad MNV. Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of Strychnos nux-vomica root extract on human multiple myeloma cell line-RPMI 8226. Food Chem Toxicol 2009;47:283–288.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Deng XK, Yin W, Li WD, Yin FZ, Lu XY, Zhang XC, et al. The anti-tumor effects of alkaloids from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica on hepg2 cells and its possible mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;106:179–186.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Lee SM, Kwon JI, Choi YH, Eom HS, Chi GY. Induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis by water extract of Strychni Semen in human gastric carcinoma AGS cells. Phytother Res 2008;22:752–758.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Tripathi YB, Tripathi P, Korlagunta K, Chai SC, Smith BJ, Arjmandi BH. Role of Sandhika: a polyherbal formulation on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. Inflammation 2008;31:1–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Premanathan M, Kathiresan K, Nakashima H, Yamamoto N. In vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of some Indian medicinal plants. Trop Biomed 1997;14:65–69.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Visen PKS, Saraswat B, Raj K, Bhaduri AP, Dubey MP. Prevention of galactosamine-induced hepatic damage by the natural product loganin from the plant Strychnos nuxvomica: studies on isolated hepatocytes and bile flow in rat. Phytother Res 1998;12:405–408.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Xu XY, Cai BC, Pan Y, Wang TS. Pharmacokinetics of the alkaloids from the processed seeds of Strychnos nuxvomica in rats. Acta Pharmaceut Sinica 2003;38:458–461.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Ma L, Yang XW, Xu W, Cai BC, Hattori M. Intestinal permeability of antitumor alkaloids from the processed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica in a Caco-2 cell model. Planta Med 2009;75:631–634.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Chen J, Lin A, Chen Z, Wang W, Zhang T, Cai H, et al. Ammonium sulfate gradient loading of brucine into liposomes: effect of phospholipid composition on entrapment efficiency and physicochemical properties in vitro. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010;36:245–253.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Sankaraiyah K, Latha PM, Prasad JV, Lakshminarasimhan C. Efficacy of Croton tiglium and Strychnos nux vomica against brinjal hadda (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabr. Coccinellidae: Coleoptera). Indian J Entomol 2007;69:277–281.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Devasahayam S, Leela NK. Antifeedant activity of plant products against pollu beetle (Longitarsus nigripennis Mots.). Management in Horticultural Crops: environmental implications and thrusts, Bangalore, India, 15-17 October 1997;1998:172–174.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Tripathi MN, Shukla DN, Dwivedi BK. Effect of aqueous extracts of leaves of some medicinal plants on spore germination of Fusarium spp. Bioved 1999;10:43–44.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Desai SD, Desai BD. Studies on insecticidal properties of some plants. Shashpa 2000;7:85–88.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Murugan K, Raja NS, Jeyabalan D, Kumar NS, Sivaramakrishnan S. Evaluation of certain tropical plant extracts for their antifeedant and toxic properties against Spodoptera litura (Fab.). J Insect Sci 1998;11:186–187.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Murthy MS, Jagadeesh PS, Sannaveerappanavar VT. Evaluation of plant extracts for their repellent, antifeedant and ovicidal action against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Environ Ecol 2006;24:293–297.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Jayasinghe UL, Kumarihamy BM, Bandara AG, Waiblinger J, Kraus W. Antifeedant activity of some Sri Lankan plants. Nat Prod Res 2003;17:5–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Murthy MS, Jagadeesh PS, Thippaiah M. Repellant, antifeedant and ovicidal action of some plant extracts against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Pest Managem Econom Zool 2005;13:1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Javaregowda Naik LK. Ovicidal properties of plant extracts against the eggs of teak defoliator, Hyblaea puera Cramer. Karnataka J Agricult Sci 2007;20:291–293.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Naidu PH, Haritha V, Sudheer MJ. Effect of aqueous extracts of plant products on hatching of Meloidogyne incognita race 2 infecting tomato. Indian J Nematol 2007;37:217–218.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Sree DS, Sankar NR, Sreeramulu A. Evaluation of antifungal activity of eight medicinal plants on plant pathogenic fungi. Biomed 2008;3:115–117.

    Google Scholar 

  62. John J, Leela NK, Sreekumar KM, Anesh RY, Hema M. Phytotoxicity of leaf extracts of multipurpose trees against insect pests in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) and brinjal (Solanurn melongena). Allelopathy J 2007;20:411–418.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Qiu XB, Xiang HQ, Jiang ZQ. Effects of 22 plant methanol extracts on controlling Meloidogyne incognita. Guizhou Agricult Sci (Chin) 2008;36:70–71.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ghatak SS, Mondal S. Feasibility of using plant products and bio-pesticide against Epilachna beetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabr. Infesting brinjal. Indian J Nematol 2008;70:278–279.

    Google Scholar 

  65. John J, Sreekumar KM, Krishnamurthy KS, Rekha P. Pesticidal effect of leaf, root and bark extracts of multipurpose trees and cashew nut shell liquid on coconut root grub (Leucopholis coneophora Bur.). J Plant Crops 2008;36:447–450.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Tripathy MK, Singh HN. Synergistic effect of certain vegetable oils to the efficacy of synthetic pyrethroids for the control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Agric Sci Dig 2005;25:1–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Sun JF, Lu LJ, Zang JH, Jing ZH. The application of Tongshu Plaster in the treatment of cancer pain. Chin J Inform Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2006;13:56.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Chen JF. The application of Tianmeng Capsule in the treatment of geriatric insomnia. Chin J Inform Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2006;13:74–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lin H, Lin ZZ. The application of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the treatment of migraine. Chin J Inform Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2006;13:78–79.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Katz J, Prescott K, Woolf AD. Strychnine poisoning from a Cambodian traditional remedy. Am J Emerg Med 1996;14:475–477.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Chan TYK. Herbal medicine causing likely strychnine poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2002;21:467–468.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Naik BS, Chakrapani M. A rare case of brucine poisoning complicated by rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Malaysian J Pathol 2009;31:67–69.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Ji XY, Bao YB, Jiang JX, Wan NF. Control effects of several plant extracts on Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). Acta Agricult Shanghai 2009;25:49–51.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Malone MH, St. John-Allan KM, Bejar E. Brucine lethality in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 1992;35:295–297.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Akbar S, Khan SA, Masood A, Iqbal M. Use of Strychnos nux-vomica (Azraqi) seeds in Unani system of medicine: role of detoxification. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 2010;7:286–290.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Katiyar C, Kumar A, Bhattacharya SK, Singh RS. Ayurvedic processed seeds of nux-vomica: neuropharmacological and chemical evaluation. Fitoterapia 2010;81:190–195.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Haghi G, Hatami A, Safaei A. Hydrophilic-interaction chromatography with UV detection for analysis of strychnine and brucine in the crude seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica and their processed products. Chromatographia 2010;71:327–330.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Rathi A, Srivastava N, Khatoon S, Rawat AKS. TLC determination of strychnine and brucine of Strychnos nux vomica in ayurveda and homeopathy drugs. Chromatographia 2008;67:607–613.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Singh RB, Singh YP, Goyal MM. Identification of polyalcohols from periodate oxidized polysaccharides of Strychnos nux vomica Linn. Seeds by Smith degradation method. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2007;4:253–257.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Gu X, Li H, Zhu R, Zou H. Determination of strychnine and brucine in Strychnos nux-vomica L. by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2006;63:289–292.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Li Y, He X, Qi S, Gao W, Chen X, Hu Z. Separation and determination of strychnine and brucine in Strychnos nuxvomica L. and its preparation by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006;41:400–407.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Frédérich M, Choi YH, Angenot L, Harnischfeger G, Lefeber AW, Verpoorte R. Metabolomic analysis of Strychnos nuxvomica, Strychnos icaja and Strychnos ignatii extracts by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and multivariate analysis techniques. Phytochemistry 2004;65:1993–2001.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Choi YH, Sohn YM, Kim CY, Oh KY, Kim J. Analysis of strychnine from detoxified Strychno nux-vomica seeds using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;93:109–112.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Frederich M, Younghae C, Verpoorte R. Quantitative analysis of strychnine and brucine in Strychnos nux-vomica using 1H-NMR. Planta Med 2003;69:1169–1171.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Bandopadhyay J, De B. Seasonal variation of strychnine and brucine in vegetative parts of Strychnos nux-vomica. Int J Pharmacogn 1997;35:349–353.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Miao P, Cai DC, Xiang BR, An DK, Ito Y. Separation and purification of strychnine from crude extract of Strychnos nuxvomica L. by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J Liq Chromatogr Relat Technol 1998;21:163–170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Biala RG, Tits M, Wauters JN, Angenot L. A new HPLC method for the assay of alkaloids in Strychnos nux-vomica and Strychnos ignatii. Fitoterapia 1996;67:163–165.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Jiang YH, Li J, Gong QF. Determination of strychnine and brucine in the decoction of Semen Strychni and its different processed products. Chin J Inform Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2008;15:47–49.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Wu AL, Pan JH, Jin YQ. Study on the quality standard for Dianxue Xiaotong Paste. Chin J Inform Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2007;14:56–58.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Li M, Zhang X, Pan Y. Determination the contents of brucine and strychine in Pingxiao Tablet by RP-HPLC. Chin J Inform Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2007;14:47–48.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Han QB, Li SL, Qiao CF, Song JZ, Cai ZW, Pui-Hay But P, et al. A simple method to identify the unprocessed Strychnos seeds used in herbal medicinal products. Planta Med 2008;74:458–463.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Nie JL, Liu XY, Li YC, Fu XH. Quality control of Xiaozhong Tablets. Chin J Inform Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2006;13:40–42.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Wang C, Han D, Wang Z, Zang X, Wu Q. Analysis of Strychnos alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicines with improved sensitivity by sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2006;572:190–196.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Zhang J, Wang S, Chen X, Hu Z, Ma X. Capillary electrophoresis with field-enhanced stacking for rapid and sensitive determination of strychnine and brucine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2003;376:210–213.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Engshi O, Apandi SN. Determination of berberine and strychnine in medicinal plants and herbal preparations by pressurized liquid extraction with capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001;22:2723–2729.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Pothier J, Galand N, Fouchecourt S, Viel C. Isolation of alkaloids by overpressured thin-layer chromatography. Fitoterapia 1997;68:42–44.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Zong YY, Che CT. Determination of strychnine and brucine by capillary zone electrophoresis. Planta Med 1995;61:456–458.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Liang HX, Yu RG, Yang QH, Ni KY. Determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and strychnine in Jiufen San by HPLC. Acta Pharmaceut Sinica 1990;25:849–853.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Nagaraja TG, Thite AN. Enzymatic studies in leaves of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn infected with Meliola strychinicola Gail. Adv Plant Sci 1995;8:406–409.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Dutta GR, Roy AK. Mycobial deterioration in strychnine and brucine of Strychnos nux-vomica seeds. Indian Phytopathol 1992;45:77–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Balakrishna P, Raman A. Cecidogenesis of leaf galls of Strychnos nux-vomica (Loganiaceae) induced by the jumping plant louse species Diaphorina truncata (Homoptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae). Entomol General 1992;17:285–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Patil LA, Prasanna PM, Sannaveerappanavar VT. Evaluation of seed and leaf extracts and seed oils on the physiological development of cabbage diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. Karnataka J Agricult Sci 2009;22:685–687.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Umamaheswari M, Asokkumar K, Somasundaram A, Sivashanmugam T, Subhadradevi V, Ravi TK. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Indian medical plants. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;109:547–551.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Chen SJ, Ding W, Yang B, Wu XB. Screening studies on fungistasis of ten traditional medicines. Southwest China J Agricult Sci 2005;18:311–314.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Carles M, Cheung KLM, Moganti S, Dong TTX, Tsim KW, Ip NY, et al. A DNA microarray for the authentication of toxic traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Planta Med 2005;71:580–584.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Tripathy MK, Sahoo P, Das BC, Mohanty S. Efficacy of botanical oils, plant powders and extracts against Callosobruchus chinensis Linn. Attacking blackgram (Cv. T9). Legume Res 2001;24:82–86.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Kovacs C, Gubanowa I. Biological treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in calves. Biologische Tiermedizin 2000;17:59–62.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Gratz VH. Biological (antihomotoxic) therapy in dogs and cats with liver disorders. Biologische Tiermedizin 1999;16:57–65.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Dell'Orto V, Rossi CAS, Baldi A, Tanzi F, Vigano T, Fantuz F. Use of a homeopathic treatment in the rearing of dairy cows. Informatore Agrario 1998;54:43–48.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Anandaraj M, Leela NK. Toxic effect of some plant extracts on Phytophthora capsici, the foot rot pathogen of black pepper. Indian Phytopathol 1996;49:181–184.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Ahmad SK, Prasad JS. Efficacy of foliar extracts against pre-and post-harvest diseases of sponge-gourd fruits. Letters Appl Microbiol 1995;21:373–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Sukul NC, Ghosh S, Sinhababu SP, Sukul A. Strychnos nux-vomica extract and its ultra-high dilution reduce voluntary ethanol intake in rats. J Altern Complement Med 2001;7:187–193.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Babu R, Agarwal SB, Dixit BS, Banerji R. Effect of seedborne fungi on oil content of Strychnos nux-vomica L. Seeds. J Oil Technol Associat India 2002;34:49–51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Samy RP, Thwin MM, Gopalakrishnakone P, Ignacimuthu S. Ethnobotanical survey of folk plants for the treatment of snakebites in southern part of Tamilnadu, India. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;115:302–312.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Hanson L, Boyd A, Johnson MA, Bennett MD. First nuclear DNA C-values for 18 eudicot families. Ann Bot 2005;96:1315–1320.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  116. Fu SP, Zhang XZ, Zhang F, Xu Q, Xiao HB, Liang XM. Study on the Interaction between strychnine and bovine serum albumin by capillary electrophoretic frontal analysis. Chin Chem Lett 2005;16:1233–1236.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Anonymous. Wealth of India, Vol. IX. New Delhi: CSIR Publication;1976:26.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Cai B, Nagasawa T, Kadota S, Hattori M, Namba T, Kuraishi Y. Processing of Nux vomica. VII. Antinociceptive effects of crude alkaloids from the processed and unprocessed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 1996;19:127-13.

  119. Pattanaya P, Jena RK, Panda SK. HPTLC fingerprinting in the standardization of Sulaharan Yoga: an Ayurvedic tablet formulation. Intern J Pharm Sci Review Res 2010;3:33–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Ayyanar M. Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Complement Altern Med 2006;6:35–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  121. Laupattarakasem P, Houghton PJ, Hoult JRS, Itharat A. An evaluation of the activity related to inflammation of four plants used in Thailand to treat arthritis. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;85:207–215.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Yin W, Wang TS, Yin FZ, Cai BC. Analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of brucine and brucine N-oxide extracted from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;88:205–214.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Murthy IK, Bhat PR, Ravindranath NH, Sukumar R. Financial valuation of non-timber forest product flows in Uttara Kannada district, Western Ghats, Karnataka. Curr Sci 2005;88:1573–1579.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Mors WB, Nascimento MC, Pereira BM, Pereira NA. Plant natural products active against snake bite—the molecular approach. Phytochemistry 2000;55:627–642.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Jain SK, ed. Dictionary of Indian folk medicine and ethnobotany. New Delhi: Deep Publications;1991:1–311.

    Google Scholar 

  126. Bhandary MJ, Chandrashekar KR, Kaveriappa KM. Medical ethnobotany of the Siddis of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India. J Ethnopharmacol 1995;47:149–158.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Jain BB. A Process form anufacturing anherbal composition for relieving pain from joints and bones and herbal composition made thereof. Thane, Maharashtra, India 2007 (Pat. No. WO2008015697A3).

    Google Scholar 

  128. Hozumi T, Matsumoto T, Ooyama H, Namba T, Shiraki K, Hattori M, et al. Antiviral agent containing crude drug. U.S. Pat. No. 5,411,733, issued May 2, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Banerjee DK, Pal DC. Plants used by the tribals of plain land in India for hair and scalp preparation. Ethnobiology in human welfare: abstracts of the Fourth International Congress of Ethnobiology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India;1994:340.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Fischer E. Homeopathic treatment of liver diseases. Praktische Tierarzt 2005;86:94–100.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Chakraborti S, Mukherji A, Datta PC. Comparative pharmacognosy of Strychnos nux-vomica and Strychnos potatorum stem barks. Internat J Crude Drug Res 1988;26:121–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  132. Gong L, Zhang JP. Advances in the application of Shangke Jiegu Tablet in the treatment of bone fractures. Chin J Inform Tradit Chin Med (Chin) 2006;13:92–94.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dinesh Kumar Patel.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Patel, K., Laloo, D., Singh, G.K. et al. A review on medicinal uses, analytical techniques and pharmacological activities of Strychnos nux-vomica Linn.: A concise report. Chin. J. Integr. Med. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-016-2514-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-016-2514-1

Keywords

Navigation