Abstract
It is shown that the short pulse durations (0.1 to 10 ns) in laser shock compression ensure a rapid decay of the pulse and quenching of the shocked sample in times that are orders of magnitude lower than in conventional explosively driven plate impact experiments. Thus, laser compression, by virtue of a much more rapid cooling, enables the retention of a deformation structure closer to the one existing during shock. The smaller pulse length also decreases the propensity for localization. Copper and copper aluminum (2 and 6 wt pct Al) with orientations [001] and \( [\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{1}34] \) were subjected to high intensity laser pulses with energy levels of 70 to 300 J delivered in an initial pulse duration of approximately 3 ns. The [001] and \( [\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{1}34] \) orientations were chosen, because they respectively maximize and minimize the number of slip systems with highest resolved shear stresses. Systematic differences of the defect substructure were observed as a function of pressure, stacking-fault energy, and crystalline orientation. The changes in the mechanical properties for each condition were compared using micro- and nanohardness measurements and correlated well with observations of the defect substructure. Three regimes of plastic deformation were identified and their transitions modeled: dislocation cells, stacking faults, and twins. An existing constitutive description of the slip to twinning transition, based on the critical shear stress, was expanded to incorporate the effect of stacking-fault energy. A new physically based criterion accounting for stacking-fault energy was developed that describes the transition from perfect loop to partial loop homogeneous nucleation, and consequently from cells to stacking faults. These calculations predict transitions that are in qualitative agreement with the effect of SFE.
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Acknowledgment
This research was supported by the Department of Energy through Grant Nos. DEFG0398DP00212 and DEFG0300SF2202. Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, through the Institute of Laser Science and Applications, under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.
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This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Dynamic Behavior of Materials,” which occurred during the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, February 25–March 1, 2007 in Orlando, Florida, under the auspices of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS Structural Materials Division, and TMS/ASM Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee.
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Meyers, M., Schneider, M., Jarmakani, H. et al. Deformation Substructures and Their Transitions in Laser Shock–Compressed Copper-Aluminum Alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 39, 304–321 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9359-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-007-9359-3