Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Recrystallization Phenomena During Friction Stir Processing of Hypereutectic Aluminum-Silicon Alloy

  • Published:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Microstructural evolution and related dynamic recrystallization phenomena were investigated in overlapping multipass friction stir processing (FSP) of hypereutectic Al-30 pct Si alloy. FSP resulted in the elimination of porosities along with the refinement of primary silicon particles and alpha aluminum grains. These alpha aluminum grains predominantly exhibit high angle boundaries with various degrees of recovered substructure and dislocation densities. The substructure and grain formation during FSP take place primarily by annihilation and reorganization of dislocations in the grain interior and at low angle grain boundary. During multipass overlap FSP, small second phase particles were observed to form, which are accountable for pinning the grain boundaries and thus restricting their growth. During the multipass overlap FSP, the microstructure undergoes continuous dynamic recrystallization by formation of the subgrain boundary and subgrain growth to the grain structure comprising of mostly high angle grain boundaries.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A.J. Clegg and A.A. Das: Wear, 1977, vol. 43, pp. 367–73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. P.J. Ward, H.V. Atkinson, P.R.G. Anderson, L.G. Elias, B. Garcia, L. Kahlen, and J.M. Rodriguez-Ibabe: Acta Mater., 1996, vol. 44, pp. 1717–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.L. Estrada and J. Duszczyk: J. Mater. Sci., 1990, vol. 25, pp. 886–904.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Q.G. Wang: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2003, vol. 34A, pp. 2887–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. T. Wai, F. Yan, and J. Tian: J. Alloy. Compd., 2005, vol. 389, pp. 169–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Agrawal and T. Mchechnie: Adv. Mater. Process., 2001, vol. 159, pp. 44–50.

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Rivera, C. Cmapillo, B. Castro, M. Herrera, and J. Islas: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2000, vol. 273, pp. 149–59.

    Google Scholar 

  8. C.L. Xu, H.Y. Wang, Y.F. Yang, and Q.C. Jiang: J. Alloy. Compd., 2006, vol. 421, pp. 128–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Knuutien, K. Nogita, S.D. Mcdonald, and A.K. Dahle: J. Light Met., 2001, vol. 1, pp. 229–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Y. Iwahashi, J.-T. Wang, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, and T.G. Langdon: Scripta Mater., 1996, vol. 35, pp. 143–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. B.B. Straumal, B. Baretzky, A.A. Mazilkin, F. Phillipp, O.A. Kogtenkova, M.N. Volkov, and R.Z. Valiev: Acta Mater., 2004, vol. 52, pp. 4469–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. C. Xu, M. Furukawa, Z. Horita, and T.G. Landon: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 6139–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Blaza, M. Sugamata, J. Kanekob, J. Sobota, G. Wloch, W. Bochniak, and A. Kula: J. Mater. Process. Technol, 2009, vol. 209, pp. 4329–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. C.-H. Chiang and C.Y.A. Tsao: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, vol. 396, pp. 263–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. M. Gupta, F.A. Mohamed, and E.J. Lavernia: Metall. Trans. A, 1992, vol. 23A, pp. 831–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Cui, A. Schulz, K. Schimanski, and H.W. Zoch: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, vol. 209, pp. 5220–5528.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. Zhuo, J. Duszczyk, and B.M. Lorevaar: J. Mater. Sci., 1991, vol. 26, pp. 3041–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. R.S. Mishra, M.W. Mahoney, S.X. McFadden, N.A. Mara, and A.K. Mukherjee: Scripta Mater., 2000, vol. 42, pp. 163–68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. R.S. Mishra and M.W. Mahoney: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2001, vol. 357, pp. 507–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. W.M. Thomas, E.D. Nicholas, J.C. Needham, M.G. Murch, P.J. Smith, and C.J. Dawes: G.B. Patent Application No. 9125978.8, 1991.

  21. Z.Y. Ma: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2008, vol. 39A, pp. 642–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. E.A. El-Danaf, M.M. El-Rayes, and M.S. Soliman: Mater. Des., 2010, vol. 31, pp. 1231–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. T. Morishigie, T. Hirata, M. Tsujikawa, and K. Higashi: Mater. Lett., 2010, vol. 64, pp. 1905–08.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A.L. Pilchak and J.C. Williams: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2010, vol. 41A, 22–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Z.Y. Ma, B.L. Xiao, J. Yang, and A.H. Feng: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2010, vol. 638, pp. 1191–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Gandra, R. Miranda, P. Vilaca, A. Velhinho, and J.P. Teixeira: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2011, vol. 211, pp. 1659–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Barmouz, P. Asadi, M.K. Beshararti-Givi, and M. Taherishangh: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, vol. 528, pp. 1740–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. D. Yadov and R. Bauri: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, vol. 528, pp. 1326–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. M. Yang, C. Xu, C. Wu, H. Yang, and L. An: J. Mater. Sci., 2010, vol. 45, pp. 4431–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Kurt, I. Uygur, and E. Cete: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2000, vol. 211, pp. 313–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. S.A. Alidokht, A. Abdollah-zadeh, S. Soleymani, and H. Assadi: Mater. Des., 2011, vol. 32, pp. 2727–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. L. Karthikeyan, V.S. Senthilkumar, V. Balasubramanian, and S. Natrajan: Mater. Des., 2009, vol. 20, pp. 2237–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. K. Nakata, Y.G. Kim, H. Fujii, T. Tsumura, and T. Komazaki: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, vol. 437, pp. 274–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. N. Suna and D. Apelian: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2009, vol. 618, p. 361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. W. Wang, Q.Y. Shi, P. Liu, H.K. Li, and T. Li: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, vol. 209, pp. 2099–2103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M.L. Santella, I. Engstrom, D. Storjohann, and T.Y. Pan: Scripta Mater., 2005, vol. 59, pp. 201–06.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Z.Y. Ma, S.R. Sharma, and R.S. Mishra: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2006, vol. 37A, pp. 3323–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Z.Y. Ma, S.R. Sharm, and R.S. Mishra: Scripta Mater., 2006, vol. 54, pp. 1623–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. S. Jana, R.S. Mishra, J.A. Baumann, and J.A. Grant: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2010, vol. 41A, pp. 2507–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Z.Y. Ma, S.R. Sharma, and R.S. Mishra: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, vol. 433, pp. 269–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. A.G. Rao, B.R.K. Rao, V.P. Deshmukh, A.K. Shah, and B.P. Kashyap: Mater. Des., 2009, vol. 63, pp. 2628–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Y. Jiang, D. Lu, and M. Zhou: Adv. Mater. Res., 2011, vol. 189, pp. 3601–03.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. K.V. Jata and S.L. Semiatin: Scripta Mater., 2000, vol. 43, pp. 743–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. J-Q. Su, T.W. Nelson, and C.J. Sterling: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2005, vol. 405, pp. 227–36.

    Google Scholar 

  45. R.W. Fonda, J.F. Bingert, and K.J. Colligan: Scripta Mater., 2004, vol. 51, pp. 243–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. N. Kumar, R.S. Mishra, C.S. Huskamp, and K.K. Sankaran: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, vol. 528, pp. 5883–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. J-Q. Su, T.W. Nelson, and C.J. Sterling: Philos. Mag., 2006, vol. 86, pp. 1–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. C.G. Rhodes, M.W. Mahoney, W.H. Bingel, and M. Calabrese: Scripta Mater., 2003, vol. 48, pp. 1451–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. P.B. Prangnell and C.P. Heason: Acta Mater., 2005, vol. 53, pp. 3179–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. A. Yazdipour, M.A. Shafiei, and K. Dehghani: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, vol. 527, pp. 192–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. S. Swanminathan, K. Oh-Ishi, A.P. Zhilyaev, C.B. Fuller, B. London, M.W. Mahoney, and T.R. McNelly: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2010, vol. 41A, pp. 631–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. J.L. Lytton, C.R. Barrett, and O.D. Sherby: Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Metal. Petrol. Eng., 1965, vol. 233, pp. 1399–1405.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. B.P. Kashyap, K. Mctaggart, and K. Tangri: Philos. Mag. A, 1998, vol. 57, pp. 97–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. R.K. Davis, V. Randle, and G.J. Marshall: Acta Mater., 1998, vol. 46, pp. 6021–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. G. Buffa, J. Hua, R. Shivpuri, and L. Fratini: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, vol. 419, pp. 381–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. J.L. Ning, D.M. Jiang, X.G. Fan, Z.H. Lai, Q.C. Meng, and D.L. Wang: Mater. Charact., 2008, vol. 59, pp. 306–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. T.G. Nieh, L.M. Hsiung, J. Wadsworth, and R. Kaibyshev: Acta Mater., 1998, vol. 46, pp. 2789–2800.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. C.G. Rhodes, M.W. Mohoney, W.H. Bingel, R.A. Spurling, and C.C. Bampton: Scripta Mater., 1997, vol. 36, pp. 69–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. L.E. Murr, G. Liu, and J.C. McClure: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1997, vol. 16, pp. 1801–03.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. S. Fare, N. Lecis, and M. Vedani: J. Metall., 2011, vol. 1, pp. 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. F.J. Humpherys and M. Hatherly: in Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1995, pp. 24, 437.

  62. R.K. Islamgaliev, R. Kuzel, S.N. Mikov, A.V. Igo, J. Burianek, F. Chmelik, and R.Z. Valiev: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1999, vol. 266, pp. 205–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India

    A. G. Rao (Research Scholar, Scientist), N. Prabhu (Professor) & B. P. Kashyap (Professor)

  2. Marine Materials Division, Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Shil-Badlapur, Ambernath (East), 421 506, India

    A. G. Rao (Research Scholar, Scientist), B. Ramakrishnarao (Scientist) & V. P. Deshmukh (Scientist and Head)

  3. Nanotech Research Facility, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore, 641 004, India

    K. R. Ravi (Assistant Professor)

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India

    A. Sharma (Associate Professor)

Authors
  1. A. G. Rao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. R. Ravi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. Ramakrishnarao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. V. P. Deshmukh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. A. Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. N. Prabhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. B. P. Kashyap
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. G. Rao.

Additional information

B. Ramakrishnarao—Deceased

Manuscript submitted January 30, 2012.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rao, A.G., Ravi, K.R., Ramakrishnarao, B. et al. Recrystallization Phenomena During Friction Stir Processing of Hypereutectic Aluminum-Silicon Alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 44, 1519–1529 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1489-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1489-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation