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Effect of Welding Current and Time on the Microstructure, Mechanical Characterizations, and Fracture Studies of Resistance Spot Welding Joints of AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel

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Abstract

This article aims at investigating the effect of welding parameters, namely, welding current and welding time, on resistance spot welding (RSW) of the AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel sheets. The influence of welding current and welding time on the weld properties including the weld nugget diameter or fusion zone, tensile-shear load-bearing capacity of welded materials, failure modes, energy absorption, and microstructure of welded nuggets was precisely considered. Microstructural studies and mechanical properties showed that the region between interfacial to pullout mode transition and expulsion limit is defined as the optimum welding condition. Electron microscopic studies indicated different types of delta ferrite in welded nuggets including skeletal, acicular, and lathy delta ferrite morphologies as a result of nonequilibrium phases, which can be attributed to a fast cooling rate in the RSW process. These morphologies were explained based on Shaeffler, WRC-1992, and pseudo-binary phase diagrams. The optimum microstructure and mechanical properties were achieved with 8-kA welding current and 4-cycle welding time in which maximum tensile-shear load-bearing capacity or peak load of the welded materials was obtained at 8070 N, and the failure mode took place as button pullout with tearing from the base metal. Finally, fracture surface studies indicated that elongated dimples appeared on the surface as a result of ductile fracture in the sample welded in the optimum welding condition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Danial Kianersi (Masters of Science) & Javad Mohammadi (Masters of Science)

  2. Young Researchers and Elites Club, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Amir Mostafaei (Master of Science)

Authors
  1. Danial Kianersi
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  2. Amir Mostafaei
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  3. Javad Mohammadi
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Correspondence to Amir Mostafaei.

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Manuscript submitted February 2, 2014.

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Kianersi, D., Mostafaei, A. & Mohammadi, J. Effect of Welding Current and Time on the Microstructure, Mechanical Characterizations, and Fracture Studies of Resistance Spot Welding Joints of AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 45, 4423–4442 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2421-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2421-z

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