Abstract
In the present investigation, mechanical properties and microstructure of the Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti alloy were characterized by tensile testing, hardness measurement, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in different heat treatment conditions. TEM studies confirmed the presence of four phases in the solution-treated condition namely: copper matrix, spherical chromium-rich, TiS2, and ZrS2 particles. Aging in the temperature range of 400-600 °C has led to significant change in strength. Samples aged at 500 °C for 2 h showed maximum ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of 330 and 212 MPa, respectively, with ductility of 23%. The phase responsible for high strength after aging at 500 °C was identified as fine bcc chromium precipitates with average size of 3.0 ± 1.0 nm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.B. Correia, H.A. Davies, and C.M. Sellars, Strengthening in Rapidly Solidified Age Hardened Cu-Cr and Cu- Cr-Zr Alloys, Acta Mater., 1997, 45, p 177–190
M. Kanno, Effect of a Small Addition of Zirconium on Hot Ductility of a Cu-Cr Alloy, Z. Metall., 1988, 79, p 684–688
R.D.K. Misra, V.S. Prasad, and P.R. Rao, Dynamic Embrittlement in An Age-Hardenable Copper-Chromium Alloy, Scripta Mater., 1996, 35, p 129–133
R.K. Misra and V. Prasad, On the Dynamic Embrittlement of Copper-Chromium Alloys by Sulphur, J. Mater. Sci., 2000, 35, p 3321–3325
H. Nathani and R. Misra, Characteristics of Intermediate Temperature Dynamic Embrittlement of Age Hardenable Copper-Chromium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2004, 20, p 546–549
I.S. Batra, G.K. Dey, U.D. Kulkarni, and S. Banerjee, Microstructure and Properties of a Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy, J. Nucl. Mater., 2001, 299, p 91–100
H. Fuxiang, M. Jusheng, N. Honglong, G. Zhiting, L. Chao, G. Shumei, Y. Xuetao, W. Tao, L. Hong, and L. Huafen, Analysis of Phases in a Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy, Scripta Mater., 2003, 48, p 97–102
M. Hatakeyama, T. Toyama, Y. Nagai, M. Hasegawa, M. Eldrup, and B.N. Singh, Nanostructural Evolution of Cr-Rich Precipitates in a Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy During Heat Treatment Studied by 3 Dimensional Atom Probe, Mater. Trans., 2008, 49, p 518–521
J. Su, P. Liu, H. Li, F. Ren, and Q. Dong, Phase Transformation in Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg Alloy, Mater. Lett., 2007, 61, p 4963–4966
P. Liu, B.X. Kang, X.G. Cao, J.L. Huang, B. Yen, and H.C. Gu, Aging Precipitation and Recrystallization of Rapidly Solidified Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng A., 1999, 265, p 262–267
S.G. Mu, F.A. Guo, Y.Q. Tang, X.M. Cao, and M.T. Tang, Study on Microstructure and Properties of Aged Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg-RE Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 475, p 235–240
N.Y. Tang, D.M.R. Taplin, and G.L. Dunlop, Precipitation and Aging in High-Conductivity Cu-Cr Alloys with Additions of Zirconium and Magnesium, Mater. Sci. Technol., 1985, 1, p 270–275
C. Xia, M. Wang, W. Zhang, Z. Kang, Y. Jia, and R. Zhang, Microstructure and Properties of a Hot Rolled-Quenched Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg-Si Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2012, 21, p 1800–1805
G. Li, B.G. Thomas, and J.F. Stubbins, Modeling Creep and Fatigue of Copper Alloys, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2000, 31, p 2491–2502
S.C. Krishna, K.V. Radhika, K. Thomas Tharian, G.S. Rao, M. Swathi Kiranmayee, and B. Pant, Effect of Simulated Brazing Cycle on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti Alloy, Mater. Sci. Forum., 2012, 710, p 626–631
S.C. Krishna, K.V. Radhika, K.T. Tharian, M. Swathi Kiranmayee, G.S. Rao, A.K. Jha, and M.G. Koshy, Dynamic Embrittlement in Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti Alloy: Evidence of Intergranular Segregation of Sulphur, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22, p 2331–2336
S.C. Krishna, N. Supriya, A.K. Jha, B. Pant, S.C. Sharma, K.M. George, Thermal Conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti Alloy in the Temperature Range of 300-873 K. ISRN Metall., 2012, Article ID 580659, 2012. doi:10.5402/2012/580659
E. Kirner, D. Thelemann, and D. Wolf, Development Status of the Vulcain Thrust Chamber, Acta Astronaut., 1993, 29, p 271–282
T. Gladman, Precipitation Hardening in Metals, Mater. Sci. Technol., 1998, 15, p 30–36
A.J. Ardell, Precipitation Hardening, Metall. Trans. A, 1985, 16, p 2131–2165
S.C. Krishna, K. Thomas Tharian, B. Pant, and R.S. Kottada, Age-Hardening Characteristics of Cu-3Ag-0.5Zr Alloy, Mater. Sci. Forum., 2012, 710, p 563–568
Z. Guo and W. Sha, Quantification of Precipitation Hardening and Evolution of Precipitates, Mater. Trans., 2002, 43, p 1273–1282
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Shri M. Chandra Dathan Director, VSSC for his permission to publish this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krishna, S.C., Rao, G.S., Jha, A.K. et al. Analysis of Phases and Their Role in Strengthening of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ti Alloy. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 24, 2341–2345 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1516-z
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1516-z