In the present research work, corrosion behavior of post-weld heat-treated (PWHT) AISI 316L (X2CrNiMo 17-13-2) specimens joined by gas metal arc welding is compared with as-welded samples by using potentiodynamic polarization technique. Welded samples were PWHT at 1323 K for 480 s and quenched. Mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and microstructures of as-welded and PWHT specimens were investigated. Microstructural studies have shown grain size refinement after PWHT. Ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were found maximum for PWHT samples. Bend test have shown that PWHT imparted ductility in welded sample. Fractographic analysis has evidenced ductile behavior for samples. Potentiodynamic polarization test was carried out in a solution composed of 1 M H2SO4 and 1 N NaCl. Corrosion rate of weld region was 127.6 mpy, but after PWHT, it was decreased to 13.12 mpy.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Kannan, A. Balamurugan, and S. Rajeswari, Electrochemical Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on HNO 3 Passivated 316L SS for Implant Applications, Electrochim. Acta, 2005, 50, p 2065–2072
M. Akmal, F.A. Khalid, and M.A. Hussain, Interfacial Diffusion Reaction and Mechanical Characterization of 316L Stainless Steel-Hydroxyapatite Functionally Graded Materials for Joint Prostheses, Ceram. Int., 2015, 41(10), p 14458–14467
W. Lee, C. Lin, T. Chen, and W. Luo, High Temperature Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of 316L Stainless Steel Under High Strain Rate Loading, J. Nucl. Mater., 2012, 420(1–3), p 226–234
X.H. Chen, J. Lu, L. Lu, and K. Lu, Tensile Properties of a Nanocrystalline 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel, Scripta Mater., 2005, 52(10), p 1039–1044
B. Weiss, R. Stickler, B. Weiss, and W. Re, Phase Instabilities During High Temperature Exposure of 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel, Metall. Trans., 1972, 3(4), p 851–866
X. Jian-ying, Characteristics of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure for 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel, J. Iron. Steel Res. Int., 2011, 18(11), p 53–59
R.K. Khatirkar and S.G. Sapate, Science Direct Effect of Heat Input on the Microstructure, Residual Stresses and Corrosion Resistance of 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments, Mater. Charact., 2014, 93, p 10–23
G.R. Mirshekari, E. Tavakoli, M. Atapour, and B. Sadeghian, Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Multipass Gas Tungsten Arc Welded 304L Stainless Steel, J. Mater., 2014, 55, p 905–911
H.U. Hong, B.S. Rho, and S.W. Nam, A Study on the Crack Initiation and Growth from δ-Ferrite/γ Phase Interface Under Continuous Fatigue and Creep-Fatigue Conditions in Type 304L Stainless Steels, Int. J. Fatigue, 2002, 24(10), p 1063–1070
N. Suutala, T. Takalo, and T. Moisio, The Relationship Between Solidification and Microstructure in Austenitic and Austenitic Ferritic Stainless Steel Welds, Metall. Trans. A, 1979, 10(4), p 512–514
E. Zumelzu, J. Seplveda, and M. Ibarra, Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical Behaviour of Welded 316 L SS Joints, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1999, 94, p 36–40
J. Yan, M. Gao, and X. Zeng, Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 304 Stainless Steel Joints by TIG, Laser and Laser-TIG Hybrid Welding, Opt. Lasers Eng., 2010, 48(4), p 512–517
I.A. Ibrahim, S.A. Mohamat, A. Amir, and A. Ghalib, The Effect of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Processes on Different Welding Parameters. Procedia Eng., 2012, 41(Iris), p 1502–1506
M.S. Węglowski, Y. Huang, and Y.M. Zhang, Relationship Between Wire Feed Speed and Metal Transfer in GMAW, J. Achiev. Mater. Manuf. Eng., 2008, 29(2), p 191–194
N. Moslemi, N. Redzuan, N. Ahmad, and T.N. Hor, Effect of Current on Characteristic for 316 Stainless Steel Welded Joint Including Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, Procedia CIRP, 2015, 26, p 560–564
D. Kianersi, A. Mostafaei, and A.A. Amadeh, Resistance Spot Welding Joints of AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheets: Phase Transformations, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Characterizations, Mater. Des., 2014, 6, p 251–263
R. Briones, A. Ruíz, C. Rubio-gonzález, V.H. López, N. Ortiz, R. García, and F.F. Curiel, Materials Characterization Effect of Heat Input and Accumulated Fatigue Damage on Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar AL-6XN/316L Welded Joints, Mater. Charact., 2016, 112, p 41–50
B. Joseph, D. Katherasan, P. Sathiya, and C.V.S. Murthy, Weld Metal Characterization of 316L (N) Austenitic Stainless Steel by Electron Beam Welding Process, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., 2012, 4(2), p 169–176
C. Carvalho, J. Pereira, H. Batista, and D.S. Ana, Evaluation of AISI, 316L Stainless Steel Welded Plates in Heavy Petroleum Environment, Mater. Des., 2009, 30(5), p 1581–1587
M. Dadfar, M.H. Fathi, F. Karimzadeh, M.R. Dadfar, and A. Saatchi, Effect of TIG Welding on Corrosion Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel, Mater. Lett., 2007, 61(11–12), p 2343–2346
L. Dong, Q. Peng, E. Han, W. Ke, and L. Wang, Stress Corrosion Cracking in the Heat Affected Zone of a Stainless Steel 308L-316L Weld Joint in Primary Water, Eval. Program Plann., 2016, 107, p 172–181
L. Alloy, S. Steel, M. Products, A.U. Tensile, and C.A. Force, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials 1, 2011, p 1–27
A. Ceramics, A. Ceramics, S. Precision, A.B. Hardness, V. Hardness, S. Hardness, K. Hardness, L. Hardness, and W. Knoop, Standard Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials 1, 2015, p 1–43
R.G. Jr Nooning, Effect of Stabilizing Elements on the Precipitation Behavior and Phase Stability of Type 409 Ferritic Stainless Steels, 2002, p 84
S. Kumar and A.S. Shahi, Effect of Heat Input on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Gas Tungsten Arc Welded AISI, 304 Stainless Steel Joints, Mater. Des., 2011, 32(6), p 3617–3623
K.K. Singh, S. Sangal, and G.S. Murty, Hall–Petch Behaviour of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2002, 18(10), p 1168–1178
W.-S. Lee, C.-F. Lin, and T.-J. Liu, Strain rate dependence of impact properties of sintered 316L stainless steel, J. Nucl. Mater., 2006, 359(3), p 247–257
Z. Ahmad, Principles of Corrosion Engineering and Corrosion Control, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006
Z. Lu, T. Shoji, S. Yamazaki, and K. Ogawa, Characterization of Microstructure, Local Deformation and Microchemistry in Alloy 600 Heat-Affected Zone and Stress Corrosion Cracking in High Temperature Water, Corros. Sci., 2012, 58, p 211–228
Z. Lu, T. Shoji, F. Meng, H. Xue, Y. Qiu, Y. Takeda, and K. Negishi, Characterization of Microstructure and Local Deformation in 316NG Weld Heat-Affected Zone and Stress Corrosion Cracking in High Temperature Water, Corros. Sci., 2011, 53(5), p 1916–1932
Z. Lu, T. Shoji, H. Xue, F. Meng, C. Fu, Y. Takeda, and K. Negishi, Synergistic Effects of Local Strain-Hardening and Dissolved Oxygen on Stress Corrosion Cracking of 316NG Weld Heat-Affected Zones in Simulated BWR Environments, J. Nucl. Mater., 2012, 423(1–3), p 28–39
B.T. Lu, Z.K. Chen, J.L. Luo, B.M. Patchett, and Z.H. Xu, Pitting and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior in Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel, Electrochim. Acta, 2005, 50(6), p 1391–1403
A. Farooq, K.M. Deen, M.A. Raza, R. Ahmad, A. Salam, I.H. Khan, and W. Haider, Peculiar Corrosion Behavior of SS 316L in Simulated Cooling Water at Various pH, Mater. Perform., 2014, 53(10), p 44–47
R. Rokicki, W. Haider, and T. Hryneiewicz, Influence of Sodium Hypochlorite Treatment of Electropolished and Magnetoelectropolished Nitinol Surfaces on Adhesion and Proliferation of MC3T3 Pre Osteoblast Cells, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2012, 23, p 2127–2139
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge financial and technical support of Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, U.E.T, Lahore, Pakistan. The authors would also like to thank Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, CEET, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, for providing electrochemical corrosion testing facility.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Muhammad, F., Ahmad, A., Farooq, A. et al. Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Gas Metal Arc-Welded 316L (X2CrNiMo 17-13-2) Stainless Steel. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 25, 4283–4291 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2240-z
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2240-z