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Effect of Tool Rotational Speed on the Microstructure and Associated Mechanical Properties of Incrementally Formed Commercially Pure Titanium

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Abstract

Single-point incremental forming (SPIF) was conducted on a 1-mm-thick commercially pure titanium grade 2 (Ti-G2) sheet metal in a CNC vertical milling unit. A hardened steel ball of 12 mm diameter was used as forming tool. Frustum cups were formed with varying spindle speeds between 300, 450, and 600 RPM. Other process parameters including the vertical step down and feed rate were kept as 0.2 mm and 300 mm/min, respectively. The metallurgical and mechanical properties of the formed material were investigated by cutting samples from the frustum cup walls. Electron-backscattered diffraction (EBSD) investigation revealed limited change in grain size with an increase in spindle speed. Dislocation density was measured by x-ray diffraction peak broadening analysis. The results indicate that an increase in spindle speed resulted in an increased dislocation density. The EBSD-based textural studies revealed a strong basal texture with near P and B type orientations visible at the maximum spindle speed. The tensile tests demonstrated a proportional increase in tensile strength with an increase in spindle speed along with a significant reduction in total ductility. The enhanced dislocation density and the formation of a strong basal texture were considered as the main drivers for the improvement in the tensile strength. A maximum tensile strength of nearly 550 MPa was obtained for samples extracted from the walls of the frustum cup at the maximum spindle speed of 600 RPM. This translates to an 80% enhancement of the tensile strength when compared to the base metal .

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Data Availability

The experimental datasets obtained from this research work and then the analyzed results during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Professor Indradev Samajdar, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, National facility, OIM and Texture lab, A DST–IRPHA project, IIT-Bombay, India, for providing EBSD facility. Authors G.Y and S.V extend their gratitude to Dr. R. Narayanasamy, Professor–HAG (retired) and Dr. C. Sathiya Narayanan, Associate Professor, Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India for their technical inputs in the field of study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Metal Forming Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530049, India

    G. Yoganjaneyulu

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal, 609609, India

    S. Vigneshwaran

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shaqra University, P.O. 11911, Dawadmi, Ar Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    R. Palanivel & Adel Alblawi

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Shaqra University, P.O. 11911, Dawadmi, Ar Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Abdur Rasheed

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa

    R. F. Laubscher

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  1. G. Yoganjaneyulu
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Contributions

GY Concept, Experiment, Characterization. SV Analysis, Manuscript preparation–original draft. RP Validation. MAR, AA and RFL Review and editing of original draft.

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Correspondence to S. Vigneshwaran.

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Yoganjaneyulu, G., Vigneshwaran, S., Palanivel, R. et al. Effect of Tool Rotational Speed on the Microstructure and Associated Mechanical Properties of Incrementally Formed Commercially Pure Titanium. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 30, 7636–7644 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05900-3

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