Skip to main content
Log in

Observations and Location of Acoustic Emissions for a Naturally Degrading Rolling Element Thrust Bearing

  • Technical Article---Peer-Reviewed
  • Published:
Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Acoustic Emission (AE) technology applied to condition monitoring is gaining acceptance as a useful complimentary tool. This article demonstrates the use of traditional AE parameters, the Enegry Index and Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (KS-test) to detect, locate, and monitor natural defect initiation and propagation in a conventional rolling element thrust bearing. To undertake this task a special purpose test-rig was built to allow for accelerated natural degradation of a bearing race. It is concluded that sub-surface initiation and subsequent crack propagation can be detected using a range of data analysis techniques on AE’s generated from natural degrading bearings. The article also investigates the source characterization on AE signals associated with such a bearing while in operation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. ISO (International Standards Organisation Documents) 22096: Condition monitoring and diagnosis of machines–Acoustic Emission (2007)

  2. Mba, D., Rao, Raj B.K.N.: Development of acoustic emission technology for condition monitoring and diagnosis of rotating machines: bearings, pumps, gearboxes, engines, and rotating structures. Shock Vib. Digest 38, 3–16 (2006)

  3. Jamaludin, N., Mba, D., Bannister, R.H.: Condition monitoring of slow-speed rolling element bearings using stress waves. Proceedings of the IMECHE Part E Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, vol. 215, no. 4, 1 November 2001, Professional Engineering Publishing, pp. 245–271(27) (2001)

  4. Holroyd, T.: The Acoustic Emission & Ultrasonic Monitoring, 1st edn. Coxmoor Publishing Company, Oxford, OX7 6UP, UK (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Miettinen, J., Pataniitty, P.: Acoustic emission in monitoring extremely slowly rotating rolling bearing. Proceedings of 12th International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management, COMADEM 99, England

  6. Morhain, A., Mba, D.: Bearing defect diagnosis and acoustic emission. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 217(4), 257–272 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Al-Ghamd, A.M., Mba, D.: A comparative experimental study on the use of acoustic emission and vibration analysis for bearing defect identification and estimation of defect size. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 20(7), 1537–1571 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Choudhury, A., Tandon, N.: Application of acoustic emission technique for the detection of defects in rolling element bearings. Tribol. Int. 33(1), January 2000, 39–45(7), Elsevier Science (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Yoshioka, T.: Detection of rolling contact subsurface fatigue cracks using acoustic emission technique. J. Soc. Tribol. Lubr. Eng. 49(4), 303–308 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Harris, T.A.: Rolling Bearing Analysis. 4th edn. Wiley, New York, USA (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Palmgren, A.: Ball and Roller Bearing Engineering. 3rd edn. SKF Industries, S. H. Burbank & CO., INC., Philadelphia, USA (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Voskamp, A.P.: Material response to rolling contact loading. Trans. ASME J. Tribol. Technol. 107(3), 359–366 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Al-Balushi, K.R.: The use of high stress waves for monitoring gears. PhD dissertation, Cranfield University, Cranfield (1995)

  14. Al-Balushi, K., Samanta, R.B.: Gear fault diagnosis using energy-based features of acoustic emission signals. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems Control Engineering, 216(3), 249–263 (2002). ISSN: 0959-6518, Professional Engineering Publishing

  15. Al-Balushi, K.R.; Mba, D.: Energy index technique for early detection of incipient bearing failures. Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Engineering Asset Management (EAM) and the 4th International Conference on Condition Monitoring, WCEAM CM 2007, First edition, 13 Number ISBN: 978-1-901892-22-2, 10 Number ISBN 1-901892-22-0, Coxmoor Publishing Company, pp. 991–999 (2007)

  16. Chinmaya, K., Mohanty, A.R., Application of KS test in ball bearing fault diagnosis, J. Sound Vib. 269(1–2), 439–454. January, Elsevier (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Andrade , F.A., Esat, I., Badi, M.N.M.: A new approach to time-domain vibration condition monitoring: gear tooth fatigue crack detection and identification by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. J. Sound Vib. 240(5), 909–919(11), 8 March, Elsevier (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hall, L.D., Mba, D., Bannister R.H.: Acoustic emission signal classification in condition monitoring using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic. J. Acoust. Emission 19, 209–228 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hall, L.D., Mba, D.: Acoustic emissions diagnosis of rotor–stator rubs using the ks statistic. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 18, 849–868 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed Elforjani.

Appendices

Appendix A

Table A1 Bearing life calculations for case presented in Fig. 5

Appendix B

Table B1 KS test, Energy Index (EI), and AE-Energy (AEE) results for case presented in Fig. 5

Appendix C

Table C1 Results of attenuation analysis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Elforjani, M., Mba, D. Observations and Location of Acoustic Emissions for a Naturally Degrading Rolling Element Thrust Bearing. J Fail. Anal. and Preven. 8, 370–385 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-008-9141-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-008-9141-x

Keywords

Navigation