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Histologie du tissu adipeux blanc normal et pathologique

Histology of normal and pathological white adipose tissue

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Obésité

Résumé

Le tissu adipeux blanc est composé d’adipocytes matures, de cellules précurseurs (les pré-adipocytes), de cellules endothéliales, de macrophages et d’autres cellules immunitaires. Le phénotype, la quantité et la biologie de chaque composant du tissu adipeux sont profondément modifiés dans l’obésité humaine. L’inflammation de bas grade à la fois aux niveaux local et systémique caractérise l’obésité et semble avoir un rôle clé dans les comorbidités métaboliques et vasculaires liées à cette pathologie. Par ailleurs, un nouveau concept d’accumulation de matrice extracellulaire (MEC) dans le tissu adipeux a été récemment proposé. L’intégrité de la MEC est essentielle pour le bon développement du tissu adipeux dans un contexte physiologique. Il serait essentiel de comprendre la contribution des modifications de la MEC et les conséquences de dépôts fibreux dans des conditions pathologiques. Au cours de l’obésité morbide, la quantité de fibrose du tissu adipeux sous-cutané semble être prédictive de la perte de masse grasse induite par la chirurgie.

Abstract

White adipose tissue is composed of mature adipocytes, precursors (preadipocytes), endothelial cells, macrophages and other immune cells. The phenotype, amount and biology of each adipose tissue component are profoundly altered in human obesity. Low-grade inflammation both at the local and systemic levels characterizes obesity and appears to have a key role in mediating the consequence of increase adipose tissue mass on metabolic and vascular comorbidities. Moreover, a new concept of accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in adipose tissue has been recently proposed. Integrity of the ECM is essential for the proper development of adipose tissue in a physiological context. In pathologic conditions, more knowledge is nevertheless necessary to understand the contribution of ECM modifications and the consequence of fibrous depots. Observations in morbidly obese subjects suggest that the amount of fibrosis might hamper fat mass loss induced by surgery.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU), ICAN (Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition), Paris, France

    J. Tordjman

  2. Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris 6, Paris, France

    J. Tordjman

  3. Inserm UPMC Nutriomique U872 Equipe 7, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France

    J. Tordjman

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Tordjman, J. Histologie du tissu adipeux blanc normal et pathologique. Obes 8, 228–233 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11690-013-0404-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11690-013-0404-7

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